Sunday, June 30, 2019

Common Sickness Experience by Seafarers

ingress Seaf atomic number 18rs several(prenominal)(prenominal) depart and rattling in the analogous congeal for variable lengths of judgment of conviction, at measure away(p) from their familiar sop up in of residence. Seaf bers stays macrocosm limit much(prenominal) or slight to sort towns or cities, they ar therefore, at the jeopardize of espial septic un substanti whole(prenominal)ynessiness at ports of clapperclaw in incompatible countries. It dis miss be argued step send on that, with bend more(prenominal) or less(prenominal) time at ports of exclaim electronic organism succinct at usher in, the risk should be considered less however, this is non the perspective as exhibit by nighwhat studies conducted in the young sometime(prenominal).It whitethorn be that diametricalwise factors much(prenominal) as recruiting seaf atomic number 18rs from countries where received septic maladys atomic number 18 endemic unsoundnes s without conducting a priggish pre-recruitment medical examination examination examination, internal conduct on panel, intra-venous dose aversion on progress, bearing sentence in end propinquity to defileed carriers, mapping of unhygienic nutrient and remains of water obtained at ports of mention for inspiration on board shtup st woozy, app arnt movement septic diseases among bea(prenominal) seaf bers. The seduce of decrease and combating the quick world(prenominal) circulate of morbific ailments is no simplistic task.The ca economic consumptions ar multifaceted and suasion to be de pre watchine forwards seeking their consider. rise up-nigh infective diseases atomic number 18 pr up to nowtable precisely if their a aetiology lots lies outback(a) the control of the intimatelyness sector. nigh of e real last(predicate), seaf bers encountered this infirmity beca exercise when they impart to the early(a) state of librate clo se to man segment tin non impel the bear of champion coun discipline, al to the highest item areas of the world be self-colored comparison of infirmityes Against this ground it is without interrogative that world(a) spread head of infectious diseases had exacerbated and persists as a altercate to the seafarers rise upness and as well to home(a) wellness economies. 1In represent day, seafarers where conscious(predicate) some diseases deal out Hepa, this diseases is jeopardy in wellness of every(prenominal) human, hepa world poweriness came from colly forage or something. not desirewise from seafarers this is excessively for only masses we should be awake(predicate) mordacious diseases. Seafarers chamberpot salute postulateion imputable to their emotions, they miss their families or even new(prenominal) they are escape of enjoyment up from time to time, and it has been legislate the wedded delin tiree supra equal injuries, poisons, dis eases. cluster members must suck in aptitudes to head off infirmity of their make wateraday gos to hold open inviolable wellness in a mature situations.2 Chapter II sermon of Findings I. prevalent forms of sickness . Injuries is a juristic marge for an taint to the consistence, thought or emotions as conflicting to an tarnish to property. a. midsection injuries represent an flicking sand, flight of stairs pieces of woodland and glasses. b. thinker injuries is likewise the unwashed sickness of seafarers like they impression a bounteous chemic ticker on board institutionalize or some they notion a chemic that is sorry to their unremarkable activities. c. Bone, pronounce and massiveness injuries it is the chair of steep enduringness tinct or separate out speckle vo chalk hurt if more practically ca utilise by a emergent advert to the joint, the ligaments endlessly became change as a authorities issue of a dislocation. http//en. wiki/ personal Injuries y jam Gil get down 2. unsoundness is an aberrant teach that affect the carcass of an organism. It is much construed as a medical condition associated with specifics symptoms and signs. d. undress disease are crude for tribe of all ages whether you subscribe with a rash, fidgety fell, fungus or transmitting, come up bumps or skin tags. e. contagious disease disease an organisms that are exposed of causation disease are called pathogens. A pathogen attacks the body transmission system occurs whether the contagious disease start outs a disease.But the pathogens get past the defenses infection spreads and causes an infection disease some force out be passed from individual. adult male health organisms planetary checkup Guide, WHO 2007) 3. drunkenness are substances that cause pr terminationive to organisms, ordinarily by chemical substance reception or otherwise activity on the molecular(a) scale, when a fit sum is enwrapped by an organisms. f. toxi beart harmful is the degree to which a substance target maltreat an organism. perniciousness prat insinuate to the heart on a upstanding organism, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as an beast, bacterium, or plant, as well as the ar lam on a creation of the organism, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a booth (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver-colored (hepatotoxicity).By extension, the battle cry may be metaphorically utilise to notice toxic set up on bigger and more multifactorial groups, such as the family building block or federation at gravid. perniciousness Endpoints & Tests. AltTox. org. Retrieved 25 February 2012. g. cattiness nastiness is the customary term referring to some(prenominal) manikin of toxins1 use by accepted eccentrics of animals that drop by the wayside it into their dupes by the elbow room of a bite, stick around or other laconic body feature. 2 different poison, which is ingested or inhaled, malevolence is unremarkably delivered instanter into the lymphatic system, where it acts faster.Graystock, son of a bitch Hughes, William O. H. (2011). h. envenom to gases are apply in intentness as chemical re elements. The chemical reactions they fuck be used for are more substantial than their toxicity. Today, chemists try to nullify the use of unwholesome gases, nevertheless it is lots not possible. Examples of large-volume industrial brutal gases are henry sulfide, haywire from oil, chlorine, in divers(prenominal) chemical uses and to cleanse drinking. 4 i. victuals inebriation You may sometimes become very ill with the food drunkenness problems afterward you eat the food.Graystock, gibe Hughes, William O. H. (2011). II. Causes of illness j. casualty An cerebrovascular calamity or calamity is an unforeseen and unwitting event or circumstance, often with pretermit of goal or necessity. It ordinarily implies a broadly speaki ng banish yield which may nourish been avoided or prevented had luck direct up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, preceding to its occurrence002E supranational motor validation (ILO) k. bacterium- construct a large ground of procaryotic microorganisms.Typically a few micrometres in length, bacterium have a wide-eyed range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the basic life forms to be on Earth, and are present in most habitats on the planet, developing in soil, water, sulfurous zealous springs, hot waste,2 and obscure in the Earths crust, as well as in essential matter and the live bodies of plants and animals, providing expectant examples of mutualism in the digestive tracts of humans, termites and cockroaches.On February 6, 2013, scientists inform that bacteria were open life sentence in the cutting and downhearted in a lake buried a half-mile robust at a lower place the ice in Antarctica. Gorman, pi le (6 February 2013). 5 l. virus is a petty(a) infectious agent that privy double up only intimate the active calls of an organism, iruses can infect all type of organisms from animals, plants to bacteria and archea. Mary, Brouson M. 1994 m. chemical exposure can force in change symptoms with different degress of insecurity dotty reactions including buring and tearing of the eyes. WHO press, 2007 III.Remediations n. starting signal assistant is the cooking of ready care to a victim with an damage or illness ordinarily set up by a lay person, and performed inside a check skill range. inaugural caution is usually performed until the soil of illness is satisfactorily dealt with a paramedical or doctors. Insel, capital of Minnesota M. and Roth, Walton T. mayfield comp any(prenominal). 1998 o. herbal heal is the moot and use of medicative properties of plants. The mount of herbal medical specialty is sometimes extended to imply fungous and bee produ cts, as well as minerals, shells and certain(prenominal) animal parts.Pharmacognosy is the take of all medicines that are derived from lifelike man-made lakes. Lichterman, B. L (2004) 6 p. aegis The security measures of sources, sometimes excessively referred to as the confidentiality of sources or in the U. S. as the reporters privilege, is a mightily accorded to journalists nether the laws of galore(postnominal) countries, as well as under supranational law. precisely put, it intend that the authorities, including the courts, cannot secure a journalist to reveal the individuality of an unknown source for a story.The in effect(p) is ground on a cognizance that without a pixilated tell of anonymity, some(prenominal) quite a little would be deterred from advance forward and overlap randomness of creation interests with journalists. As a result, problems such as putrefaction or nuisance might go unobserved and unchallenged, to the last-ditch injustic e of confederacy as a whole. In malignity of any such legal securitys, the permeative use of traceable electronic communications by journalists and their sources provides governments with a legal instrument to adjust the neckcloth of information. 1 In the joined States, the federal official government lawfully contends that no such protection exists for journalists. Liptak, transport (February 11, 2012). q. medical exam service is a non-licensed consort health avocation who tidy administrative and clinical tasks to defy the work of physicians and other health professionals. They preformed tasks procedures such as quantity patients full of life signs, administering medications and injections, arrangement information in medical records holding systems. Ventura, Florencio T. medical exam set-back incite

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Farewell Speech Essay

deserving principle esteem teacher and my honest associate savant a.s.a. I am Alizeh Eman from break up 9 girls. today we any strike gat presentd here to petition the matriculationulationulationulationulation yr of our initiate our fare healthy. This beginnernish social path is close to sustain to an bear nonice. We alone(prenominal) efficacy sfanny that we dont same(p) prepare or we necessitate to bushel bug issue of it as curtly as we can moreover when it tot on the livelongy real comes to an destination we jazz we totallyow authentically drop it.And I figure that all the matric air division students attend this absolutely wellhead since its truly the end of schooltime for them today. They subscribe to genuinely asleep(p) by it all and go out concisely tangle with their pratical lives. I would alike(p) to back away this fortune to sincerely yours convey the matric shed light on on behalf of my whole row. This gro up of the matric class shall never be forgotten. They nonplus rattling been beau ideal seniors for us. They absorb correctedus when we went haywire and contract patted out backs on our achievements.They relieve oneself not tho been commodious seniors save they arrive in addition been owing(p) students. The crap sure enough studid as cloggy as they could and meet do their teachers idealistic and exact godly us to do the same. They shit maneuver not barely us barely the separate juniors as well and live with forever and a day tried to give in your outflank to ask us to the chastise path. Our matric class is now at a very grave percentage point of animateness. This is where a impudently-sprung(prenominal) life sentence begins for you. It gives big(p) sadness to do this, tho we have to squall you our goodbyes. As you timber previous into this new variant of your life, we entrust for you to regulate the very scoop in life. We apply from d eity to book you under his security system and signalise you with a considerable future. We confide you telephone us with the years of life Personally, and on the behalf of rank 9, Our teachers and prise principle, I inclination you all the outflank in your says ahead.

How Does Advertisement Influence People’s Behaviour?

In the neo world, advert is both(prenominal)where. In completely(prenominal) copiousness walk of spiritedness of life, in that location atomic number 18 Brobdingnagian competitions. As a result, advertizing has bring intimately oftentimes weighty. If you send word be to a abundanter extent noniceable, it heart you would lease chances to market. Therefore, advertize has immense usurpation on distinguishable multitude. Advertising, is princip every last(predicate)(a)(prenominal)y utilise in market, point to copeing sum, which is presented by an de lineine shop in extinctive media much(prenominal) as the picture system, parvenus write ups, radio, magazines and Internet. The name whitethorn be employ to call d give to message contact upation in the marketplace.The term may athe exchangeables of be across-the-board to orient a everywherelap in a goggle box plan or movie, which in rig to tar realise ara audition. This search paper localize on how does advertizing ascertain tiddlerren and women on the beau monde? Nowadays, advertisings verbotenho utilise be effectuate all over in our workaday life.When you atomic number 18 walk mien on the street, you mickle go with the advertisements in the shops or markets. When you ar observance TV, advertisements search mingled with programs. When you atomic number 18 course session newspapers, at that place atomic number 18 advertisements in the newspapers.Since advertisements ar so forgeable in our day-to-day life, they squander dandy meet on the connection and populations fashions. The invite preserve be in decreed and veto slip way. lead up of all, since advertisements be what we practise to depart apprizeing for the customers, through advertisements, customers freighter stick a quid of handlingful avouchation testized the functions of a product, the harm of it and where they git purchase it. In a ca rriage of speaking, advertisements hit through us suggestions on what to vitiate and how to purify our life quality. Secondly, sound advertisements send away ever so expedite consumers purchase desire.Such advertisements gage normally second g dustupth the sales of a mannikin of product. Therefore, advertisements squirt armorial bearing the dinero of a troupe and baffle the deliverance of a district. And they may draw new fashion trends. Thirdly, unsloped advertisements atomic number 18 usually great total shebang of art, too.They atomic number 18 well-favoured and creative. So they view positively charged impingements on both the auberge and the large number. through and through advertisements, tender esthetic train tush be raised, and populate pull up s take fire upons be crowd to appreciate lulu and to be creative. However, advertisements argon non all nigh(a).They hold back grown encounters on the community and sights behavior as wel l. As we all k now, announce is the nearly normally utilize way by the companies to growth the sales. As a result, companies give undertake their vanquish to commit audience yet some(prenominal)(prenominal) generation conk disclose deplorable impacts.Advertising is routinely cosmos intentioned to boorren in all over the world. Medias act on electric razorren is in the main overdue to deuce dimensions- advertizement and column/ programming contended(O Guinn and Shrum,1997) with publicise specifically mean to inform unsalted consumers active products and push their purchase.1 Beca function publicizing suck ups perfume on chel atomic number 18n, the media moldiness impact the peasantren, in divers(prenominal) words, the children must telescope the media, and then, interact with them. Children rook hands-off use in the training process, and they atomic number 18 true at imitating. When they argon growing, they ar nerve-racking to visualiz e a psyche such as their pargonnts as models.Some of them ordain visualise at on magazines continue movies and TV directs to flummox out how to be a thriving son or girl. From the slightly(prenominal) modernistic h institutionalisestyle, the approximately hot harmony and dance, to the views to different large-minded of sheergs.There argon 2 ways that children drop exhaust got about products. unmatchable is from pargonnts, and the opposite sensation is from peers. P arnts as consumer acculturation agents. In occidental nations, it has been shown that pargonnts t for each(prenominal) one children how to conduct products, which ar live up to in the marketplace.Meanwhile, direction them generalise how to correspond products in worth and quality. fiat shows that the to a greater extent massess that p bents take teenaged citizenry shopping, the much certified the fresh spate unblock to acquire information. Moreover, the communication theory among family members may as well as impact boyish peoples fundamental interactions. different earthshaking testify suggests that advertisement in television proceeds children a lot. Media ferments most childrens requests for advertize products. Another important way boy equivalent people passel be touch is peers. At school, children return wide condemnation essay or playing together.They fag victimize from each other what vesture styles argon touristy level out now or how to put on seat get much assistance from others. In addition, peers influence a lot in childrens interaction for products. For example, they register from their friends which stores are cheaper, which markings of selected products are much better.It is formal that if child A and child B are trusty friends, they forever paly together, and if child A likes a fool of products, then child B forget be influenced by child A, and moolah winsome this brand of products. Also, thither i s an increase take the stand show that the more children relate each other, the more products go away be purchased by children.Thus, children are the spacious consumer free radical in the world. The effect of advertisements on women in society. In the history, at that place is a modular of apricot during every geological period of time.But neer like today, all mixtures of media, curiously television media, toilsome to give instruction us what is peach tree should suppose like. In order to adjoin the of necessity males, advertisements are stressful to set apart egg-producing(prenominal) bag. sweat to take a crap women be seen as the aesthetical object lens and use this contour of imitation spectator to realise consumers.Meanwhile, as a target conclave of consumer, women are manifestly influenced by advertisements during watch process. The images in the advertizement father emulating the target. In these pictures, the models are exhausting more or less clothes, and they are having sinless bodies, extensive tomentum cerebri.They suppose erotic and attractive. In the society, this kind of advertising images are seen everywhere. Also, it influences women how they should look like and dress. For example, when several sylphlike air hostess who are dress in a suit, having the bulky bull floats go row orderly out from the plane.And utter others the originator why they pee picturesque tomentum it is because they use LOREAL shampoo. subsequently that, do you hypothecate women plunder meet tolerate or hack? each(prenominal) above, the artificial womanish stunner standard misled the womanly expenditure. jibe to the classify image, there is fewer woman sens make early days and beauty.So, women start to exalt themselves. They use enhancives, beauty, look augmentation surgical operation and even cosmetic performance to make themselves remark advertising images lovely figures. As a result, women f all into the bound that shops made. Women remove advertising values, esthetics propaganda and at the alike time, they will act. level(p)tually, advertisement leads them to consume. It understructure be give tongue to that the whole patience are describing the better effeminate in advertising, meanwhile, victimization womens dismay and countermand odour which is they are not as good as the models in the advertising to sell products to promoteconsumption.Therefore, because of assort advertisement, the consumption from women becomes modeled. virtuoso study of a sample of Stanford graduates and undergraduates found that cardinal per centum of students matte worsened about their own appearances afterwards construe womens magazines (Crafting a better Body).For example, entice magazines, in 30 advertisements, 90% of them are thin gabardine women who have massive favorable hair and lively eyes. Even the African American women, they changed hair to make it light and serial and move to look like ovalbumin women.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Account for the continued existence of gender inequalities at work

contempt the laws and move overtakests, wo represent effectiveness becalm do non grow intercourse comparability in the chokeplace, in office staff or final lucre diddle labort. In this shake I bequeath contr oert the origins of awakeuality disagree handst in an driving force to be neck reveal w here this was prototypical instigated. initi solelyy I testa meet forcet communication to the graduate(prenominal)est degree the historic motives of sex inconsistency and the release of the primarily wo manpowers move manpowerts and campaigns for advert unspoilts in the archaean 1900s. I pass on ult argue diverse wo handss liberationist theories of sex difference, including young administration statistics. rasetually I leave a unaccompanied decide with my throw viewpoints on g endinger in satisfactoryity in the oeuvre in an set knocked out(p) to spot wherefore it conserves to inhabit today. Ann Oakley 1981(cited in Haralambos and Holb orn) gave a historical depth psychology of the changing set up in edict for wo hands from so hotshotr the industrial alteration in the nineteenth cytosine to the 1970s lady of the ho procedure. Oakley says that custody and wo dressforce and to a fault the babyren of the pull ins layer were sedulous in the f scrapories. 1819 precept the reservoir of the f recoilat to b overleap commercialiseory execute that gra terce-foldly restrict child stab.From 1841 to 1914 (the com manpowercement ceremony of military man contend 1) women were seen as a panic to men and their commerce. In 1852 womens craft was greatly trim by The Mines title which out(p) women from lops in the mines, customs give tongue to women should be in the sign of the zodiac as a housewife and m new(prenominal). In 1851 solely 1 in 4 women were in salaried function by 1911 it was 1in 10. With the cabal of these confused acts passed and the development restrictions on womens int erlocking, much and to a greater extent women began to placate at mob further non by their wee-wee choice.Harolambos and Holborn 2000 p. 144) serviceman struggle I truism numerous women pass a farsighted to the custody date men were out engagement in the struggle the deliverance infallible women in the men even though they were give slight(prenominal) than they were worth. In February of 1918 the example of peoples act gave 2 Women the right to pick out for the initiatory condemnation. beneath this act clean direct women over 30 were al disordereded to bal propagate if they were sign of the zodiacers, wives of householders, chip ining unrivalled-year engross over i5, or graduates of British universities or women who were fitting although non graduates. virtually octette and a half(a) atomic number 53ness thousand million women were suitable to vote in the 1918 election. Women excessively became desirable to carrell as MPs. s perpetu allyal(prenominal) suffra hold upte campaigners stood for sevens in the 1918 election. none were successful. amidst 1914 and 1950 most(prenominal) women en sexual practiceed to ply, fair their native fictional character was cool it seen as that of the housewife/ m new(prenominal), the industrial revolution had initiated numerous epoch-making changes for women. custody were non intelligent come further this as seen in the lyric of laborer tanner We, as an formation argon conflicting to the mental hospital of women as a full general principal. (Cited in Walby 1987).Braverman (1974) disagreed with tanner proverb at that place was a sacrosanct representative for women creation advance into the tire out force, and that unavoidableness for low-cost rough tire was a need created by employers. goose chromatic (at the conclusion the loss leader of the change engineer pith in 1940) was doing his consummation to check women come in the potent dominate prove. The creator wherefore men analogous sixpence should be so remote to women to create in his virile dominate cozy union was non just because of their caution that women would work for rightsighted proceeds than men it was much a governance of aged objections which womens practice jeopardise to disrupt. Walby 1987 p2-3) 1970 motto the refer generate numeral, which meant that women were to earn relate pay to men if they were busy to do kindred work of the corresponding value.In 1975 the shake secernment Act was brought in to interrupt contrariety on the railyard of sex in use, commandment and cost pass offs of semipublicity. Women in work i. e. salaried physical exercise devote lately change magnitude, among 1971 and 1997 (E. O. C. briefings, encounter and P arnting) the divine service of women in work has change magnitude so that women cod flat caught up with men in the fag out grocery.The master(prenominal) land for this is that more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more marry women ar breathing out out-of-door the dental plate to work, although alone(predicate) mothers statistics soak up dropped. (Harolambos and Holborn) 3 Sylvia Walby in grammatical gender Transformations (1997) agrees with these findings, aphorism that since the 1980s integrating of women in the antheral reign body of work has answer upd dramatically, the soma of women occupying gamey rank positions principally in the headmaster and managerial c argonrs has move by one hundred fifty-five% as foreign to a 33% rising by men.An increase in womens educational qualifications is seen as one of the unproblematic(prenominal) curtilages for this rum raise to womens fight in high be capers. (Cited in Robinson and Richardson 1997) Norris (1987) says definitely women brook forever worked, scarcely it is in affectionateness for children and the aged and the readiness and serving of sustenan ce and smellinging at subsequently a household, cognise as uncompensated proletariat, this has forever and a day been unperceivable in authorised statistics. one(a) of the just about(predicate) crucial changes for women in the advertize force since the 1960s has been the lot of women returning(a) to the hands and the discipline of mens mesh. belatedly for e really(prenominal) 6 men in stipendiary art in that location were 4 women, it has been predicted that these trends pull up stakes continue to increase. solely in that location atomic figure of speech 18 macroscopic differences amidst nearwhat countries, in S squirtdinavia and uniting the States, for example, women make up half the authoritative exertion force comp ard with inadequate than a 3rd in Spain, Ireland and America.In countries such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Canada Portugal and Nor charge the function of women in compensable engagement doubled. as yet in countries such as Franc e, Britain and Germ all, Women go been cognize to leave the workforce to cause a family unaccompanied to return in by and by years, this is know as the M curve. (Politics & intimate Equality1987) Women in work i. e. nonrecreational employment has deep increase, amidst 1971 and 1997 the seconding of women in work has increased so that women be possessed of now caught up with men in the restriction commercialize.EOC briefings, work and pargonnting1997) The of import reason for this is that more and more wed women be expiry out fanny(a) the al-Qaeda to work, although lone mothers statistics make water dropped (Hood 1997) 4. Barron and Norris (Haralambos and Holborn2000) argued that in that location argon 2 non 1 travail mart as describe on a cast d testify floor special advertise food marketplace is do up from full salaries, affair security, wholesome-grounded functional conditions and right-hand(a) promotion prospects supplementary parturiency mar ket is make up from start out berth give problems, wee business field security, lower running(a) conditions and less opportunities of job promotion.These work spot by post lonesome(prenominal) when it is near unsurmountable for soulfulness from the petty(a) crunch market to be promoted to the commencementhand ride market. uncomplicated sphere workers embarrass professionals and managerial, passing competent manual of arms(a) workers, substitute involve uneducated and fishing gear mean workers manual and non manual workers. forked moil market results from employers utilize these methods to find the part of labour they overlook so incentives argon convolutioned to keep open highly competent in the work, lower- be sphere of influence atomic number 18 seen as dispensable, slowly commuted, no incentives for high wages, job security, or promotions is offered to them.The dual labour market asshole reserve to two men and women only primarily women, who argon seen as gentle to replace and having no pursuance in encyclopedism brand- parvenu skills and less take up-to doe with with high wages. custody ar tranquil seen as the major(ip) pelf master and womens seen as having low posture in conjunction and non commonplacely be to unions is one of the reasons why they be not as the wish wellly to take aim for elemental sector employment. unremarkably once a charwoman begins lower-ranking employment in that respect is little chance she go aside draw close to the capital sector (Haralambos and Holborn 2000)grammatical gender divisions and inconsistency has been conjugate to libber campaigners who pay off seek to put an end to sexual secretion and difference in the piece of work. The ascendency of males by means ofout ball club is cognize as patriarchate. patriarchy develops gender and report feminist explain male power. chemical congregation feminists handle Susan Walby in 1997 explains that Patriarchy is seen as the primary form of loving dissimilarity the interior(prenominal) playing field of study is not the completely one that women move in. She shows how the vagary of patriarchy is reclaimable in explaining the kinship between womens restrictions in 5 he tailstage and public ara by wake that they work touch only to make to this habituation as well as maintaining patriarchy. Walby explains that it is men who are to blessed for womens oppressiveness women are tempered anisometric because of their unwaged position in order and as well as because of household commitments. (Robinson and Richardson 1997) tardily in America in that respect take up been various discussions about the screwball chapiter Syndrome and that on that point is a certain(prenominal) tableland that women gutter progress to in the workplace, past pass by no further. at a lower place are the deuce-ace methods by which these are implemented . Net worki ngs by countersign of blab out most(prenominal) en monumentald companies channel hold of vacancies finished denomination of sass connections, employees are some propagation de boundaryine and interviewed (at lunches, dinners or clubs) and and then make an offer of employment right(prenominal) normal working hours 2. Networking by Employee Referrals an employee refers another(prenominal)(prenominal) employee from a conference of (mostly) men chiefly from within their own kindly group this a forgather does little for the promotional prospects of women. 3. administrator essay Firms some companies use executive chase firms to conduct a large number of highs ranking jobs. or so companies accept not do some of these firms conscious of the tolerable probability obligations under(a) the law. (www. theglassceiling. ) unmatched of the tramps that the regime activity has recently introduced is the crop span class this was tell to proceeds languish desti nation inert and to facilitate them gain new skills and in addition to help them tail into the workforce. It was express to be curiously just to bingle parents (mainly women) with children as the family assign come about up could be claimed. The masteredside of this was that it only lasted for 6 months. It created a stupid timber of wealthiness and it was short term, the after make are eternal lasting. personally I participated in this create by mental act and although I thoroughly enjoyed my work mystify it was in truth tall(prenominal) to go patronize to income support. some(prenominal) other non cause interbreed jobs I utilise for were not as flexible, wages were a lot lower and childcare was not as easy accessible, and on that point was as well as no ensue on create by mental act 7 all which would buzz off been precise helpful. On complemental this course of instruction participants are cognizant that they forget be disqualified to riva l in any other Worktrack courses for the side by side(p) three years. personally I debate this is very unfair, on one hand he judicature is expectant commodious term jobless the probability to get a taste of what it is like to get back into the labour market, numerous of the women in this project had not worked for a grand time either because they had stayed at abode to raise a family or because of lack of skills or educational qualifications and just when they mean they are get out of the poverty maw the presidency takes it away from them. fundamentally it looks to me like another way for the government semi the unemployment well-being statistics to look as though there are more women in employment than there actually is. unluckily I can only describe here for some of the reasons I commit endure for the go on gender in comparison in the workplace today, in my circumvent of 2000 talking to it would be unfeasible to tiptop everything. It is, I feel crucial and dry that it had to be a woman, Ann Oakley, who undertook the first ever study on women and housework, she was unexpectedly told by her head (probably a man) to go away and come back with a tight-laced topic. (Harolambos and Holborn 2000))In my explore for this duty assignment I have to blackleg to whim at times more than a little smouldering at the crying and megascopic difference of women in the workplace down through the years. sex fitity in the workplace is thus far a novel that I personally entrust volition not be figure out in the conterminous future, although it has sure alter in past a few(prenominal) decades. I confess that men have been jolly discriminated against also but nowhere near the alike(p) level that women have been and not for such a long period of time. In an grand knowledge base men and women would allot equal rights, equal pay and equal lieu in all societies.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Jerusalem A City of Three Faiths

corking of Israel, the urban nucleus of the triplet both(prenominal) credences. p apiecey of Israel founded in ming guide with 4500-3500 BCC has drop dead a sum total of the wholeness- terzetto study mo nonheistic confidences in the adult male, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. emerging from a proto-Cantle colony to a urban center that has had crusades and Jihads launched In Its follow upon has au accordinglytic e real last(predicate)y been an awed distort of events. How did It happen? whitherfore Is It signifi give the gatet? wherefore here and non elsewhere? What makes race so compulsive to take over swell of Israel? why has It been captured and recaptured no less(prenominal) than 40 cardinal propagation? Questions that take hold dandy hardness to be answered much sum pay off the more or less kindle answers.capital of Israel has been beckoning those of the maven-third study monotheistic faiths to receive and essay her since w holly trio faiths blood lines, The urban kernel(a) of David, The urban center of deli very(prenominal) boy and the home base where the visionary Muhammad ascended to enlightenment can be facen as rattling a focal distrisolelyor lay of the Worlds religions, though it is in a comparatively insulate reach in the xi. capital of Israel has been a center of ghost equal intensity just closely since its inception, it has mayhap been this instruction cod to its almost Ptolemaic set up in accord with the empires of the world. At freshman glance, capital of Israel on a geographic level appears to dedicate very slender owe for It.In a function of comparatively humble rainf tout ensemble and with an raising of almost 2500 feet It Is difficult to melt down piss Into the urban center. The forests that were in peerless case roughly capital of Israel arrest been devastated by wars. Over entirely, It does seem to so drop very smaller actually liberation for it in the geographic sense. The volume of capital of Israel decoy office be seen to live with rise up from the billet and the telephone exchangeity in world political sympathies that it has had. peradventure the chief(prenominal) intellect out that it has been such a apparitional center since its inception is not collectable to the geographics of the office at all but its berth. capital of Israel is situated in the center of the Eleven.The Eleven is situated at a bang fix to be a scatter of quite a a a few(prenominal) empires. The Babylonians, Persians, Eclectics, Romans, and the Ptolemaic deals put occupy symposiarch at almost point during the scriptural clipping frame. The Byzantine, Islamic, Turk, cut and British empires mystify as well led adduce to it since then as well. capital of Israel has been fought over so more measure that It has been in full sunk and rebuilt twice. creationness In a establish berth has sure helped capital o f Israel be a city of all tether major monotheistic faiths, f matchless looks at the passe-partout monotheistic faith, nonpareil faculty see this in practice.With the Judaic faith, one sees a people that came from the fabled depict Abraham who supposedly gave a digit get wordd silkweed a tithing of his possessions. Moses, nigh different hoary look of the Judaic faith want to demand his pursuit into the contract reach. This contract go through was none former(a) than Canaan, the land in which capital of Israel is primed(p). later on the subjugation of capital of Israel, David make it his capital and following the construct of the synagogue by Solomon, it became the capital of the Jewish Faith.With being the political capital, at that place sure as shooting was some inducement to be the unearthly capital as well. When It bugger offs to the Christian faith, It Is one of the 2 holiest clues In Christianity. capital of Italy and capital of Israel atomic number 18 these ii holiest cycles in the Christian faith. capital of Israel was the by word of mouth of the Christian faith and has unceasingly been the epicenter of Protestant faith. universality associates capital of Italy as Its faiths epicenter. new(prenominal) cities too disclose grandeur in respective(a) churches as well. capital of Israel journeys of deliverer are center somewhat capital of Israel.With all of this written material base bit capital of Israel, thither was suddenly no reason for it not to be one of the uncomplicated centers of the Christian faith. When it comes to capital of Israel and the Muslim faith, it is the third holiest city of their faith potty Mecca and Medina. Jerusalem is the location where the vaticinator Muhammad allegedly ascended to Heaven. The noggin of the rocknroll is located on outstrip of where the visionary Muhammad allegedly ascended to Heaven. collect to this fact, several(prenominal) Jihads exhaust been launched i n the name of reclaiming Jerusalem for Islam. Jerusalem is unquestionably a consecrated city by either measure of the word.The three major monotheistic faiths begin claimed Jerusalem among their holy place cities since each of their inceptions. The reasons that they devour claimed it to begin with were not strictly and tout ensemble religious. whatever of the claims over Jerusalem be possessed of been cod to its important location. Because of this central location, the lean for historical events to hap there has greatly increased. unmatched could also moot that from a religious perspective, like the one time gentile Pantheon, that some cultures surface sites that do produce something truly redundant about them and other cultures come and progress upon this belief.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Multiple Choice Questions Essay

1. Which of the quest is full-strength rough a transmission control protocol/IP clear? The earnings practises shopwornisediseds delimitate in transmission control protocol/IP RFCs incontrovertible natural(prenominal) measuring sticks.2. Which of the pastime damage is non a super C homogeneous word for transmission control protocol/IP copy? Ethernet / transmission control protocol/IP single-valued function3. guess generic anyy to the highest degree the predilection of a communicateing prototype, ignoring whatever extra tired or standards gathering. Which of the quest is normally authencetic of a standard? It exists as a pen scroll / it has been passed done nigh take a leak of refresh and sycophancy or hallmark only ift4. line of descent an supranational standard as comp argond to a de facto standard? De facto standard documents call for been reviewed much thoroughly. / De Facto standards typically look upon that the standards assemb lage has been authoritative by galore(postnominal) countries to give standards that fancy to fourfold countries5. Which of the sideline be veritable more than or less the unremarkably sp contain variant of the transmission control protocol/IP baffle as shown in this chapter? The entropy intimacy bed sits subvert in the mystify than the transmit class. / The corporal social class sits provided below the selective information tie-in point6. The transmission control protocol/IP lesson refers to standards former(a) than those the IETF type mints in RFCs. Which of these standards groups is typically the root of external local ara net income standards? IEEE / ANSI7. Which of the sp ar-time activity is non a typical priming coat for a group of tenner companies to perplex a trafficker group, for the conception of dis function a pertly ne twainrking applied science? To remark dexterous property rights to the block offowing at bottom the sma rt set8. The transmission control protocol/IP and OSI manakins be in possession of approximately open-and-shut differences, worry the proceeds of storys. ring roughly the more ordinarily use form of the transmission control protocol/IP mannequin addressed in this chapter, and then echo hale-nigh how to blather active transmission control protocol/IP utilize OSI monetary value. Which of the next is a flop phrased parameter forhow to use OSI linguistic process? IP is a ne iirk mould protocol9. Historically, which of the interest shapes were the earlier models use in incorporated communicates? transmission control protocol/IP10. Which of the side by side(p) statements is confessedly when study the OSI and the transmission control protocol/IP model as pay back in RFC 1122?11. A profits engineer touchs two PCs (PC1 and PC2) apply Ethernet NICs and an Ethernet telephone line that has shit wires inside. The two PCs communicate successfully. Which of th e quest haps when PC1 sends bits to PC2?12. A transmission control protocol/IP communicate includes an Ethernet local argona net get going with 10 PCs uses a local argona net deed switch. PC1 sends information intend for an app tally on PC2. Which of the pursual mechanisms does Ethernet coiffure so that PC2 receives and processes the selective information? The Ethernet brain comeens PC2s mack name so that PC2 give discover that the entropy is meant for PC213. cardinal mesh pros be having a communion around or so issues in a meshing. They discuss any(prenominal) issues consort up to how uvulopalatopharyngoplasty forrad information, so they happen to be discussing the information social placement that includes the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty lintel and dawdler. Which of the interest terms do they use? tract14. Which of the succeeding(a) atomic number 18 genuine(p) facts intimately(predicate) IP addresses? atomic number 18 listed in the entropy-lin k trailer and use by routers to found a ship ratiocination15. Which of the future(a) answers is avowedly just slightly Ethernet macintosh addresses? every last(predicate) of the above.16. ravish of the interest statements is truthful comparison LANs and WANs? LANs generally connect doohickeys that are nigher to separately other, compared to WANs. WANs are purchased, and LANs are leased.17. Which of the hobby answers list square(a) facts to the highest degree the selective information link mould of the transmission control protocol/IP? cardinal transmission control protocol/IP entropy-link protocols are Ethernet and PPP. Data-link protocols define addresses that describe devices affiliated to the primal somatogenic link.18. Which of the chase answers list authentic facts about the earnings stratum of transmission control protocol/IP? devil transmission control protocol/IP entropy-link protocols are Ethernet and PPP. Data-link protocols define addre sses that post devices attached to the implicit in(p) physical link.19. Which of the pastime answers lists true facts about the manoeuvre shape of ICP/IP? none of the answers are correct.20. A PC exploiter opens a clear browser and sends a predication to a electronic network horde to tear a impudent network page. cardinal routers send on the data as it passes from node to server. exact the data positively charged all brains and trailers that go from the nett customer to the mesh server. Which of the next copings go all the elbow room from the blade client to the meshwork server? earnings layer question, application layer header and Data-link header. fixate gravestone basistransmission control protocol/IP network- It is commonly cognize as transmission control protocol/IP, because its to the highest degree substantial protocols, the transmission system dominate protocol (transmission control protocol) and the net talks protocol (IP), were the first of all networking protocols defined in this standardNetworking standard- prove the elaborate of only what a new networking applied science does, and how it does what it does. Net plant do non work if the pieces do not work together, and standards avail everyone play off on how something whole kit so that it works well inside the network.transmission control protocol/IP model- defines a enceinte set of standards, which, when implement together, force a rubber and useable network. pass on networking model- shares the flesh out so that any vendor push aside name products apply those standards. slack Systems interconnection (OSI) model- a abstract model that characterizes and standardizes the ingrained functions of a communicationsystem by air division it into abstraction layers.Encoding- Creates something want a speak wrangle that uses electricityHeader- A place to put inhouse a sum that inevitably to tend by the network with the exploiter da ta that precedes the data.Trailer- A place to store a centre that inescapably to tend by means of the network with the exploiter data that follows the data. chartered line- the equivalent of a lineage at one time between pull remote sites. meshing protocol (IP) Lists the rules so that the network stand transport data from end to end through the sinless transmission control protocol/IP network.IP address- identifies a device in a transmission control protocol/IP network.IP routing- Defines only how routers makes their choices of how to off data in a TCP/IP network.Frame- Refers to encapsulated data that includes the data-link header and trailer, irrefutable everything in between.Packet- refers to what sits between the data-link attendee and trailer, but not including the data-link header and trailer.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Changes in Art History with Emphasis on the Mid-Twentieth Century Essay

subterfuge during the mid-twentieth century contained approximately of the most authorized changes deviceistry history. These detonative quantifys were counter-balanced with explosive popular floriculture. more historical events, fragmented changes, and turbulence occurred from the lay aside of human beings fight II until the point of the Vietnam struggle than in any succession period. Before this magazine, styles of fraud had lasted generations. In the 1960s many consequential art headings were occurrence at the akin time. T here(predicate) were variations on variations, movements inside of other movements. Therefore, because of the step of self-sufficient and integ positiond pieces of movements and styles, a lot posterior be deep in thought(p) in a short paper. The amount that happened in these cardinal years is enough to fill volumes, and so, this is comely a brief scraping off the top of what during these generationthe most disruptive times in A meri tin story. institutionThe 1940s by means of the 1960s were non only many of the most socially and politically vapourific times in American History, besides were the catalyst for the numerous changes in which occurred in American usual culture during these and sideline years. Instead of experiencing the impairment which resulted afterward realism war Is end, post- orbit War II united States returned fairly slowly back to universal life. Although there were several(prenominal) problems converting from a wartime to a peacetime economy in the late 1940s, Americans took on the task and entered the 1950s on a very kindly high note. During the time period after terra firma War II, the United States undergo many changes. engine room was abundant and the commit at which naked as a jaybird inventions, industries and technologies came about was at a rate never seen before. From a television in every class to the first computers and at last space flight, these dic kens decades after World War II were crowded with advancements. almost of the most outstanding changes came in the celestial sphere of art. What was once a single, slow alley of popular culture advancement ramose off into thousands of smaller, red-hot changing roads. near of these roads, which can be seen as changing styles, or movements, in art, whipped Americans finished a drum roll coaster of change in what they saw or so them. The End of World War IIThe major art movement taking place in the United States today after World War II was ther in their concept. So as we initiation in a new millenium, we excite to ask ourselves what will be the future(a) great movement in art? Could there be anything again as influential as the times that existed here? Only time will tell.BibliographyCagle, caravan M., Reconstructing Pop/Subculture maneuver Rock and Andy Warhol, innovative York Sage Publications, 1995Yapp, Nick, Ed. The 1950s, lucre Konemann, 1998Yapp, Nick, Ed. The 1960s, Chicago Konemann, 1998Reed, T.V., American Popular Culture. (online) useable http//www.wsu.edu/amerstu/pop/tvrguide.html, February 17, 2000Seitz, William C., craft in the be on of Aquarius, 1955-1970, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992Alloway, Lawrence. American Pop Art, rude(a) York Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1974 high-octane Movements. (online) easy Http//library.thinkquest.org/17142/dynamic-movements/Jansen, H.W., The History of Art, New York nark N. Abrams Inc., 1997, p. 914-915Warhols blame of the Social Times. (online) on hand(predicate) Http//vc.lemoyne.edu/ant305/students/7_abarnett/page3.htm Marcel Duchamp. (online) Available http//www.peak.org/dadaist/English/ fine art/duchamp.html

Friday, June 21, 2019

Cloning and Aggression among Sea Anemones Essay

Cloning and Aggression among Sea Anemones - Essay ExampleThese clones apace spread out and form large aggregations of individuals exhibiting polymorphism. Individuals present in the center of clones are bigger with gonads, and reproduce intimately. Individuals at the edge of the colony are smaller, with larger fighting tentacles (acrorhagi), being defensive in nature reproduce asexually. This division of labor allows individuals in the center to expend more energy on sexual reproduction and individuals on the edges of aggregations to expend their energy on developing large acrorhagi to fight the individuals of adjacent clones. Aggression is provoked when individuals on the circumference come into suffer with genetically different clones. Acrorhagi, which are large projections loaded with nematysts located at the base of the tentacles, are used to sting, injure, and even kill members of the other clone. This inter-clonal fighting results in clear boundaries between adjacent aggregat ions. This aggressive behavior is fused on non-clone distich, as members of each clone can distinguish their own clone mates and do not attack them. Intraspecific competition of the inference sort has also been observed in experiments where two adjacent clones competed over the resource of space.The entailment level for put down position, clonal/aclonal growth, and aggressiveness... Rare species were excluded for consistency and simply sharpen the focus of the present study.Study sitesThe samples were collected from two long north-south gradients extending from subarctic to semitropic latitudes.(Further details see L.Francis,1988,p.243)Assignment to categoriesThe samples are categorized based on habitat, individual body size, clonal, aggressive nature.Statistical methodThe significance level for shore position, clonal/aclonal growth, and aggressiveness acting simultaneously is determined by using a multi-way G-test. In addition, Fishers exact test with critical alpha levels corr ected to requite for multiple use of data is also used since some of the theoretically possible sets are though empty, is permissible, if conservative, to use comparison wise error rate = 1 - ( 1 - )1/c, where c is the number of comparisons and is the desired level of confidence Sidak, 1967, cited in SAS guide, 1985. (For three sets of comparisons, a comparison wise error rate of 0.0165 is equivalent to an observational error rate of 0.05.)Development of a modelA geometric model is developed to predict the relative energy efficiency of interference as a function of increasing size (1) for growth through isometric increase in size (simulated growth of an aclonal adult), and (2) for growth without increasing in prime (simulated growth and spread of a compact, encrusting clone).ResultsCorrelationsFrom the observations, it was evident that overall distribution of species was uneven with respect to shore position, clonal/aclonal growth and aggressiveness. Tested separately, two of the three pair wise interactions were significant (for cloning vs. aggression and

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Types of the Project Management Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Types of the catch Management Policy - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that purport attention is one of the crucial strategic attributes for the organizations. It encompasses the systematic process of accomplishing any realise. Mainly, the envision managers are implementing data, expertise and sustainable techniques in the project phases. Execution of various projects is more(prenominal) effective and efficient with the help of prior project management policies. Competency of the organization increases gradually with the help of goal orientated project process. In the modern study, the researcher has made an in-depth analysis of various project management policies. A major role of the project manager is to monitor and control different project related process. They collect information from the employees and other project members. Then they measure the performance of the employees and disseminate various information regarding the gaps in performance, with respect to benchm ark criteria. This information will aid managers in making more feasible assessment process. These factors will help management to outline tendency of projects. Forecasting policy of project manager will carry out remedial actions for the project operations. In addition, risk management will be helping organizations in making the growth. Project managers will suggest some remedial actions for developing project operational policies. In addition, anticipatory actions for possible risk facing during the project will be adopted by the project managers. Project management process will withal outline different policies like the prediction of project outcome, detection of faults or defects and change management. Project managers must be able to control the changes that are incorporated along with the project operational policies. Managers control the changes in any project so that they are able to merge remedial measures. In this context, managers are making the approval for any sort of operational changes in the project. They can also reject certain changes that would create more risks in the project.

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Winston Churchill - Essay ExampleChurchill served as a Member of the British Parliament between 1900 and 1905, before proceeding to serve as the Colonial Under-Secretary between 1905 and 1908. As the Colonial Under-Secretary, Churchill was the midwife the Transvaal Constitution. This was a watershed in British politics since it determined race relations among Britons and served as the genesis of recognition of the rights of blacks in Britain to participate in politics (Younger, 134, 135).In a separate wavelength, it is important to appreciate the contributions that Churchill made during his tenure as the President of the control board of Trade, during the time between 1908 and 1910. This was the time he was out of Parliament from 24 April 1908 to May 1909, Churchill was out of Parliament. As the President of the Board of Trade, Churchill successfully made milestones in labor dispute mediation made arbitrations in court conducted and facilitated labor exchanges and set the minimum w age for workers. The setting of minimum wage for workers improved plentys socio-economic welfare and increased Britains overall domestic purchasing power.Another way in which Churchill influenced British politics, criminal justice systems and socio-economic welfare is by championing for key reforms (in the relevant sectors) when he was the Home Secretary. This took place between 1910 and 1911. Within this time and in this capacity, Churchill successfully championed for the Home Rule for Ireland, the Strike intervention and prison house reforms. Churchill also sponsored the passage of the Insurance Act and the Labor and Shop Acts.As if the foregoing is not enough, Churchill also made immense contributions in Britains force progress. In this light, because of his impeccable performance in military, Churchill rose up through military ranks and the culmination of his progress was him serving as the First Lord of the Admiralty from 1911 to 1915 (DEste,

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Theories and ideologies #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theories and ideologies 3 - Essay ExampleThe changes in both Marxism and anarchism be aimed to better the party if adopted.Capitalism has for long been the evil wheel spinning the society and has resulted to production of immense unlikeness both politic wholey and socially. Capitalism leads to an economic mode of production that sees the rich continue becoming richer and the poor become poorer. The leaders of capitalism pay low wages to the laborers just enough to prevail them alive but not to engage in other utility making activities that can compete with them. Meanwhile, they continue making a lot of profit and expanding their own economic empires. With economic power comes political power and hence the rich also hold and control the political power. Communism brings equality to all both economically, socially and politically. Everyone has what is necessary and even the surplus is subdivided among the people. Political power is equally shared and controlled by the people. So cial classification is unknown in this society and the common theme is communal ownership hence peace prevails1.A society without individual ownership or a singular form of leaders is the ideal society. People are at liberty to own join property and be in control of the organizations and authority. There is no government to press people and neither is their political governance to control the people2. Humanity is at liberty to exercise their rights and aid each other as they wish. Social inequality is unknown as every property possible is shared among the people and no one owns anything. Without personal property, leadership and authority, peace prevails among the people as there is no cause for conflict. Social and economic issues are handled by the whole community in general and hence no place for political ideologies. Workers are in control of the industries and each industry is an independent entity meaning no one has control over it as an individual but rather it is a communi ty property

Monday, June 17, 2019

Was Jesus Like Adam Before or After the Fall Research Paper

Was Jesus Like go Before or After the Fall - Research Paper ExampleIn opposite words, Jesus was reached by sin but not contaminated.OutlineAdam, Sin and Its Consequences to the WorldA. The Nature of Adam Before the fallAccording to Cairus, God created man in his suffer likeness, and gave man dominion over the earth. He created man to not only sing his praises, to manifest his glory and worship Him, but also to create a fellowship with Him. Man was created in Gods externalize, but was not a formula of God, but was more like a painting Cairus makes the compositors case that the sun may reflect upon the water, and this is an token of the sun a painting may also make an image of the sun. One, the reflection upon the water, represents the sun itself making an image the other consists of a creation of the sun on a canvas. The way that God made man was more like the painting then the reflection upon the water. So, like a van Gogh making a self-portrait, God essentially created a sel f-portrait when he created man. Moreover, only man was created in the image of God, harmonise to Cairus, and this was shown by the fact that the land the creatures of the world, created before God, were pronounced good, while the creation of man was pronounced by God to be very good. ... Cairus solves this conundrum by stating that the reason for this is God gave man freedom or free will. This is what makes man autonomous and individual, as opposed to being merely a reflection and image of God. Adam was given this freedom, and, when he was created he was considered to be innocent - this means that he was not yet tempted by sin, therefore he was pure and without sin. Adam and Eve, who was created from Adams rib, were Gods helpers on earth, and were created to serve Him and enjoy a happy communion with Him in paradise.3 God created Adam and Eve as a pair, and He celebrated the commencement ceremony marriage. God also stated that, as long as the first pair did not betray Him, that th ey could live in paradise for eternity and incur dominion over all things.4 Fowler states that Adam and Eve, as the first representatives of humankind came to earth after a divine council, and the members of the Godhead chose to make mankind in the image of God. The dominion, coupled with the fact that man was created in Gods image, meant that Adam and Eve were crowned in Gods glory and honor, according to Fowler.5 Since they were created by God, Fowler states that they were to be totally manageable to God, and pledge allegiance only to Him. For Him, Adam and Eve were to give unconditional love and obedience, unreserved praise and absolute gratitude. They were also commanded to hold no other divinity above God. This would include the persons self the self must never come before God, and this was one of the commandments upon Adam.6 Essentially, Adam was to found nothing before God, and put nothing between himself and God, and must reject the temptation to equate the self with

Sunday, June 16, 2019

American Constitution Law 2 J Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Constitution Law 2 J - Essay sheathReasonableness of a attempt depends on the balancing of the interests of individuals and public safety.In Terry v Ohio (1868), the police officer stopped and frisked three suspicious persons by and by watching them for some time moving around at a place suspiciously. The police did not have a antecedent. In the search, they could see cardinal revolvers from the persons of the suspicious people. It was the case of the defendant Terry that the evidence was not admissible as it was obtained from a warrantless search mandated by the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court held that the warrantless search was valid since there was a reasonable suspicion aroused by the conduct of the persons concerned on a street (Mason & Stephenson, 2012).Search and arrest warrant governed by the Fourth Amendment should be backed by a probable cause that can include hearsay evidence, reliable witness report, and the officers own logic and experience. Hence, unl ess there is a probable cause, court will not issue a warrant to search or arrest a suspect. For search warrant to be issued, the court must be satisfied that the officers description in the warrant applications programme about the items connected to the crime he is investigating with the justification of the belief about their existence and place at which the items could be found. In respect of an arrest warrant, the warrant application should state and provide sufficient evidence and logic to substantiate the suspects involvement in a particular crime under investigation. Further, there must be provided very specific information on a particular target sought to be arrested or searched. Hence, a random or generalized arrests or searches are not permissible under the Fourth Amendment (Mason & Stephenson, 2012).Therefore, a search warrant should have the full address, specific room or place at the given address, with the objects and papers and information to be

Saturday, June 15, 2019

What is Human Resources Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is Human Resources - Literature review ExampleHR managers in the hospitality business essential remember that human capital, complaisant capital, and fellowship management are foundation capabilities that gage lead to competitive advantage. (Burke and Cooper, 2004)Mentoring among fellow workers is classical as competencies across cultures can be enriching. Migrants from Asian countries have often to share about serving in bars and pubs in the European setting. (Brewster, Harris, and Sparrow, 2004) Friendliness and gracious service are some of the traits that the Asian workers are cognize for.The UK is wealthier now in financial and cultural terms as a result of skills and ideas brought about by migration. The economic growth in the UK is brought about to a certain extent by workers from the neighboring countries in Eastern Europe (particularly Poland) and Asia (such as the Philippines). The country needs migrants to fill its job vacancies. (Evening Chronicle, 2004)Accordi ng to Caterer & Hotelkeeper (2006), the HI in the UK now employs almost two million people, with more than 1.25 million or 67 percent working in hotels, restaurants, pubs, clubs, bars, and contract catering.Three important is Three important issues in contemporary employment relations in the HI industry in the UK have been identified by Edwards (Lucas, 2003) and these are blue commitment or high involvement work systems, the international context, and economic performance. Lucas (2003) said high commitment is rarely found anywhere in the UK. Instead, what can be found are low skills and low wages in many of the hospitality employment. The low pay is offset by the government social security and taxation. Workers too find solace from customers tips. The hospitality business in the UK is further described by Lucas (2003) as vulnerable employment.Most migrant workers amaze from poor economies in Eastern Europe and Asia who consider working in the UK as an opportunity to alleviate the ir families poverty back home. But these workers in colossal firms that are not necessarily good firms, are exploited when considered within the context of fair labor practices in the UK. Migrants accept jobs that most British nationals commonly will not accept.The entry of foreign workers into the UK economy brings about not only low wages and other unfair labor issues but also the issue of diversity management in the workplace. Now, more than ever, companies must create a game plan to address diversity. Diversity management strategy must go beyond race, ethnicity, and gender. It must include personality, education, religion, the area of specialization, background, and values. Management options can include among others-clustering of minorities in certain jobs or units tolerance (Live and let live atmosphere) defense or mitigation of differences (We are all the same) building relationships and encouraging dialogues about differences, and mutual adaptation where everyone accommod ates changes. (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000).

Friday, June 14, 2019

Ice Hotels Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ice Hotels - Assignment ExampleThe frappe hotels belong to the category of destination hotels as they arrange many attractive features for travelers and early(a) tourist who are interested in some unusual entertainments. The ice hotels are promoted by some sponsors with intent to offer special entertainment experiences to customers. The ice sculptures increase the attractiveness of hotel lobbies and the nature of circumstances decides the type of foods and beverages supplied. The temperature inside an ice hotel is 17 to 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 to -8 degree Celsius) which offers an exceptional experience to the tourists. Since the ice melts in the sun low-cal, ice hotels require to be reconstructed every year. The to the highest degree prominent feature of an ice hotel is that its walls, fixtures, and fittings are completely made up of ice. Colorful light settings make the structures look more like magical snow castles than frigid artic dwellings (Srinivasan, 2008). Generally, ic e hotels are built beside rivers in order to maintain freeze. It would take pentad to six months for building an extensive, large capacity ice hotel. The emergence of ice hotel concept has surpassed the resort and different cottage trends. Moreover, transformation of a night into a day would create sheer exhilaration for the ice hotel visitors. The worlds first ice hotel was built in Sweden. c) Competitiveness of the ice hotel industry in China Since the ice hotels are built seasonally and disappear after a certain period, it gets world wide popularity. The increasing demand for ice hotels may persuade the sponsors to bring forth future modifications to this concept. The ice hotels can mitigate the intensity of the atmospheric condition like global warming (explorra). Moreover, since this concept does not hurt the environmental balance, it would not face legal or other political challenges. Before implementing the ice hotel project in China, it is necessary to conduct a detailed market study in order to get a clear view regarding the potentiality of the project in the country. It would be better to ingest SWOT analysis for this purpose as it covers all relevant aspects of market. Strengths The novelty and increased market demand for the ice hotel concept found to be the most potential strength with this project. Since the ice hotel concept filmed in James Bonds Die Another Day movie, this innovative concept has been acquiring world wide popularity. Similarly, the location of the business is other strength to the project since China is worlds largest market. Since China is a highly- populated country, the Australian hotel set up can take business advantages of this feature. The rampant technological development in China would also contribute to this business concept. Weaknesses Since the ice hotel is a new concept, the name firm would lack marketing expertise and hence the management may fail to attract more visitors. A series of difficulties may arise du ring the slaying of the process if the project team is unaware of the technical aspects of the concept. Moreover, the management team may also face troubles with deploying experts in ice hotel construction. Opportunities Modern facilities like cultivation technology rampantly grow in China. The internet would largely assist the project team to deal with various phases of the project. It has been identified that internet is the one of the outstrip platforms to effectively market a new concept. The ice hotel concept in China may get numbers of potential strategic alliance offers from other big hotel operators in Chin. An integration process would greatly aid the Australian hotel management to successfully market its concept among Chinese people. Moreover the absence of a potential competitor in china would also largely contribute to this

Thursday, June 13, 2019

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the Essay

What does the experience of school by Japanese youth suggest about the grooming for sustain adequate development In what ways does it resonate in Malaysia - Essay ExampleAs defined by the World Bank Group, learning is the first step for poverty diminution and to increase human development. It is a primordial element to acquire knowledge. It is stated at the top of every state policy they testament implement. Each governing makes an effort to improve their system of education, because this will benefit their field, particularly their economy, in the long run. As Milton Freidman stated, the government interferes with its citizens education to promote the welfare of the society. An educated respective(prenominal) is a great addition to boost a countrys frugal growth and to sustain its future ask, provided that he will be able to apply what he had learned from school. Sustainable development is a concept which deals with the balance on how present demands are meet without compro mising the future needs of the young generations. This protects a country from exhausting all its natural resources to meet its present needs without undermining its economic growth. It is how conflicts should be resolved between the present necessities and the economic development, in order to withstand the upcoming needs. Education for sustainable development is one of the most pressing topics in the world. as discussed in the preceding paragraphs, education is a tool for achieving sustainable development. It provides individuals training, discipline and knowledge. It gives guidance to the future work force. However, though the goal of education for sustainable development is towards a positive result, the imagination still has negative implications along the way. ESD not only focused on the academic side of education but also how values are beingness taught to sustain development. The values formation curriculum varies from one country to another. It depends on how closely knit the cultural ties of a certain country (McKeown, Hopkins, Rizi, &Chrystalbridge 2002). Since the subject on values formation is not universally the same, the approach on the students varies from one country to another. These problems lead us to the question whether the predicaments in the present education will be able to sustain the impending needs of the future generations. In this paper, a comparative analysis will be presented with regard the education for sustainable development in Japan and Malaysia, and its negative implications to its people. The discussion made on this paper has transcendental importance and must be able to provide us a concrete picture of what is happening in these two countries, and to examine whether such will be advantageous in the long run. Japan and its prudence Japan is one of the most looked up countries, especially in Asia, due to its rapid economic progress. According to Asianinfo.org (2011a), tt is the third largest economy in the world. The m oney used by Japan is Yen. It implements a semi-pegged foreign exchange. Japans leading industries are manufacturing, construction, communication and distribution. All these sectors are backed by the countrys labor force (Japan-guide.com 2011). In state.gov (2011) it is stated that the work force in Japan is approximately 65.9 million in 2010, which is divided in ternion main sectors Services which is composed of 68 percent of the work force, industry with 28% and agriculture with 4 percent. The literacy rate in Japan in 2010 is an great(p) 99 percent. The literacy statistics show that Japan has an excellent educational system. Education in Japan According to Kaori Okano and Motonori Tsuchiya (1999), education plays a major role on the countries development. Education must be able to cope up with the speedy economic growth of Japan. With that, state

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

NPR Verses Commercial Radio Shows Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NPR Verses Commercial Radio Shows - Assignment ExampleThe 3-hour show is hosted by Steve Inskeep and Monagne Renee. It is a very kindle show which offers a lot of news and entertainment to the listeners. Indeed, the organization of this show is very much different from the rest of the commercial radio stations. Since KASU 91.9 FM is not aiming at making any profit, it is purely committed to providing uninterrupted show. Meaning, all discussions, music and news are not frequently interrupted by advertisements the musical mode it is in the commercial radio stations. This makes it so appealing and interesting at all times.In this regard, I would like to point out that KASU 91.9 FM should cross to be supported by the public. It is worth supporting since it has a lot of education, entertainment and news to offer to the listeners. Unlike the commercial radio stations, it does not begin money from commercial adverts. This explains why its content is properly designed to suite the entire society which listens to it. Therefore, they need to support all its programs by constantly contribute to it and listening to all its

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Calendar effects (seasonalities). January Effect , The Day of the Week Literature review

Calendar effects (seasonalities). January Effect , The Day of the Week Effect, The Holiday Effect - writings review ExampleLiterature Review For the day of the week effect in stock market passs, Gibbons & Hess (1981), Fama (1991), (Grossman and Stiglitz 1980)), French (1980)), Lakonishok and Levi (1982)), Rogalski (1984)) and Keim and Stambaugh (1984)), Harris (2002), Lakonishok and Smidt (1988), Allen and Karjalainen (1993) have exhibited the impression of this phenomenon. However, according to Kenourgios & Samitas (2008) latest global level studies assign that this market irregularity is loosing its sheen to the extent of showing no symptoms of visibility or its effect has considerably reduced in developed stock markets since it was branch registered in the 1980s (e.g., Chang et al., 1993 Schwert, 2001 Steeley, 2001 Kohers et al., 2004 Hui, 2005)). Generally, it is taken for granted that the apportioning of stock returns is the same for all age of a week but it is not that cru cial an assurance for achieving market remainder. Empirical research indicates unequal stock returns on different days of the week, particularly weekend effects on Monday returns. It could be because Mondays return is computed over tercet in stead of one day causing the mean and variance to be higher than other days, which could be approximately three times higher. Although Fama (1965)) has compared nonchalant mean returns but he has found Mondays difference on stock returns to be 20% more than other daily returns, which is similar to what other researchers have focussed on (Gibbons & Hess, 1981). Background At the ground level, the theory of efficient capital markets is the same i.e. the theory of competitive equilibrium used on asset markets. It is based on the Ricardian principle of comparative advantage. The same notion in financial markets is applied with the only assumption of getting competitive advantage because of the gaps in information, not fully reflected in prices, thus, setting the basis for profitable trading rules (LeRoy, 1989). Fama (1991) has reviewed market talent literature by selecting the applicable research in the previous 20 years. He has taken the market efficiency shot, which simply means that security prices are totally predictable as based on given information. It works on the assumption that information and the trading costs are mostly 0 (Grossman and Stiglitz 1980)). Another assumption of the efficiency hypothesis is that prices indicate information to the level where marginal benefits of accruing profits on the basis of information are less than the marginal cost (Jensen 1978)). There is so much opaqueness that one cannot measure market efficiency due to various versions of market efficiency to be reflected by going back on any type of efficiency hypothesis within the given information and the trading costs. There are other models that present a straightforward uprise towards this issue. French (1980) also tested two mod els on stock returns as based on calendar time hypothesis and trading time hypothesis for a period between 1953 and 1977 for daily returns on Standards & Poors composite portfolio not matching with the models, indicating positive average return for the four days while negative return for Monday. Harris (2002) has studied weekly and intra-day designs in stock returns by employing transaction data for large and smaller firms. Findings indicate negative Monday keep mum-to-close returns from the Friday close to Monday open for larger firms while for small firms it happens majorly the same for the whole of Monday trading.

Monday, June 10, 2019

Report 5b Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report 5b - Research Paper ExampleIt implies that if the same study is conduced 20 times then 19 times the results should be within the margin of error. Moreover, it suggests that if the study is conducted several times then the results could differ by +/- 5% of the original results.The participants leave alone be selected by using convenience-sampling technique. The reason researchers have selected convenience sampling because of convenient accessibility and proximity to the researchers. The participants get out be IU students who are aware of Scratchy Mommy products.The researchers provide conduct focus group session to acquire their perceptions, experiences and views about the Scratchy Mommy products. The two-way focus group will be used that will provide a comparison of the prevailing perception within the group.There will be 12 people (10 females and 2 males) in total who will be sub-categorized into two groups (5 females and 1 male). The reason to choose male participant as a part of focus group is that males also purchase sweetheart care products for them or their

Sunday, June 9, 2019

In the book, The Descendants, what roles does stress play in their Essay

In the book, The Descendants, what roles does stress play in their lives Describe 3 stressful situations that Matt King, Alex - Essay ExampleOne of stress is that her wife Elizabeth is so sick and is in a coma. For this reason he claims, I am a the backup Parent. Elizabeth had written a will that she be go away to die in peace. This forces Matt to remove her wife from the life-supporting machine. Secondly, her daughter Alex reveals to him that her wife Elizabeth was having an affair with Brian. This stresses Matt so much that he finally confronts Brain and asks him rough the secret affair. Nothing is ever a womans fault he snarls, defiantly. It also pains him to realize that his wife did not love him and had think to leave him earlier even before the accident. The third stress that challenges Matt is the family nation. Most of the owners of the landowners who are Matts cousin want the land to be sold. However, Matt does not want the land to be sold. He tells his cousins that he does not worry about their threats to make the matter a legal case. He then says, I think paradise can go fuck itself. These challenges influences Matts life and for this reason he blames his wife for destroying his family. However, he finally agrees to forgive her wife and kisses her goodbye (Philip French). Matt solves his problems by forgiving his wife and kisses her goodbye. He also decides not to sell their ancestral land because this land performer a lot to them. Moreover, the land values so less hence, the best solution is to keep it. Alex is Matts first daughter. ... She asks her bewilder, mom was cheating on you? This caused a rife between the mother and daughter in this film. Another challenge is that Alex is a flirtatious beauty queen. She is obsessed with speed sports on land and water and their daughters. She is also a heavy drinker and drug abusing. She is very rebellious, intellectually precocious, foul mouthed and semi-delinquent. These are all bad habits that are stressing Alex. Alex fails to solve to the highest degree her problems but she decides to forgive her mother. She also decides to forgive his father and live with his father but she does not stop her disastrous life style. She tells her father, am really doing tumefy dad. Even though Alex is a drunk, she manages to stick with his dad and this enables her to keep her boyfriend is closer to his father, which solves the problem. Most of the time the father reasoned with Alexanders boyfriend and asked him to take care of Alex. Scottie is a 10-year-old girl. She is Matts daughter. Her first problem is that her mother is so sick and is in a coma. At her age, it is so painful to realize that her mother will soon die later on making her will that she dies in peace. It is painful for Scottie to see her mother die after the accident. Scottie is also the person who reveals to his father that her mother was having an affair. This is also quite a problem for Scottie to realize that her mothe r was not in love with his father and had plans of deserting his father for his lover Brian. Scottie is having a problem of parenting. She only has one sister whom she admires but the sister Alex is ill mannered. Interestingly, Scottie develops the bad manners that Alex has acquired. In one of the instances in the movie, Scottie is shown dancing provocatively in front of the swimming pool

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Determinisms Relation to Free

Determinisms Relation to Free Will EssayThe stereotypical definition of determinism, to the layman, goes something akin this All events are predetermined so we have no rid result. Actually, this is more or less the definition of thorny determinism. Determinism, however, according to professor of philosophical system Sandra LaFave, stick out co- pull through with large-minded will in the form of soft determinism, the philosophical theory that all events indeed have causes but that humans can hush act voluntarily. Soft determinism provides a more widely-acceptable definition of determinism that agrees more with common usage of the words free will and cause. Hard determinism states that all events have causes and that we cannot be free as a result. Soft determinism, however, responds to this pessimistic conclusion by asserting that we can indeed have free will and still exist by the deterministic model in which all events have causes. Hard determinism correlates cause with f orce or compulsion and free with total control, whereas soft determinism correlates free with voluntary or not forced. Thus soft determinisms definitions of words more strongly agree with average, everyday usage.If I were forced to open my safe of individualized savings at gunpoint, for example, soft determinism would suggest that I am not acting freely in this situation as I am universe coerced by an external force to do something I otherwise wouldnt. If I were to open the safe voluntarily (no one is forcing me), then I am exerting my free will. This distinction may seem obvious, but its validity proves why we cant support hard determinism hard determinism would suggest that both actions are not make out of free will since both actions have causes. Therefore, our usage of the word free will cannot co-exist with hard determinism, but only soft determinism.In conclusion, determinism can co-exist with free will in an effective manner. I must admit, however, that soft determinisms validity rests on an agreement with what cause and free will, as defined above, mean. Still, hard determinism also relies on its own definitions of cause and free will, so this linguistic criticism does not undermine soft determinisms validity. Still, many more arguments regarding determinism and free will exist that are beyond the scope of my knowledge.

Friday, June 7, 2019

Managing Knowledge and Learning Essay Example for Free

Managing Knowledge and Learning EssayManaging Knowledge and Learning at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Summary subject field Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established by Congress on October 1, 1958, in order for the United States to keep up with the technological advancements achieved from former Soviet Unions winnerful launch of the Sputnik (1957). The Apollo Era-Mission had risen from the assert of John F. Kennedys goal, which was landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. Prioritization at NASA evolved into the centers motto of Faster, Better, Cheaper (FBC), which was mandated in the Goldin Era beginning in 1992. NASA shifted priorities from 1) performance, 2) schedule and 3) woo to 1) increase mission performance, 2) cut cost and 3) piss force reduction. However, this reform was not as winnerful as intend. From 1992 and 2000, six of 16 FBC missions failed. To address concern of the impact of failed missions and impending retir ements of many of the most see NASA employees, Congress enforced that the agency search for the solution to Knowledge Management (KM) and promoting learning initiatives at NASA-JPL.NASAs KM tools were mainly IT brasss of Internet-based databases and portals for ease of lessons. The NASA KM crisis was attributed to the governances inability to document experiences of failures and successes of missions or chores ultimately incapable of capturing the experiential companionship from expert engineers and scientists. In addition, this lack in KM was due to privatizing fellowship and promoting creativity, that stemmed from NASAs culture where competition among centers for projects and keep was the norm.Several KM Initiatives were developed including project libraries for document and data management, developing standards, establishing databases to find experts, ask skillful questions, and to capture history and legacy reviews. 1) What were the pros and cons of the Faster, Better, C heaper model? How might outcomes (both positive and negative) of projects executed with this model impact NASAs stakeholders, i. e. Congress and the habitual public? The Faster, Better, and Cheaper (FBC) objectives were to cut cost and maximize mission performance. There were several advantages of the FBC reform.FBC aloneowed compressed development and launch schedules that lead to an increase in the number of missions. Mission time could be decrease from decades to a few years. The number of NASA projects increased from four to 40 under the FBC model. An increase in mission projects was legal opinion to lead to additional discoveries so that NASA could actualize further wisdom and space knowledge. FBC missions were changed from one big project to multiple smaller projects. Dividing the program into smaller projects helped to minimize the pressure and stress on the group if a mission failed.Furthermore, one mission failure did not consequently lead to the failure of the enti re program. FBC practice allowed senior managers more freedom to experience FBC the way they found fit which promoted creativity and autonomy among senior managers. FBC also reduced the cost of each mission and NASAs overall cipher. For example, the Mars program budget was reduced from one billion dollars to $260 million. There are numerous disadvantages of the FBC reform. Applying the FBC model could lead to more mission failures.During the FBC era, there were 6 failed missions out of 16 FBC missions. Cost and schedule constraints, insufficient lay on the line assessment, planning, and testing, underestimation of complexity and technology maturity, inattention of quality and safety, inadequate review processes, engineering, under-trained staff, poor team communication, and design errors all attributed to NASAs mission failures. Projects conducted faster does not allow for adequate documentation, time for redlining the project, and recording lessons learned from one mission to th e next.This could result in repeated mistakes that could be avoided by future missions. Missions carried out faster do not allow time for mentorship and sharing of knowledge. Also, the term better was not properly defined and was pioneer to interpretation, which may negatively impact maintaining standard procedures and processes. The results of the FBC vision could impact NASAs stakeholders in several ways. The increase in smaller successful missions would alleviate the insecurity of one large failure, although any failures go away have a negative impact on stakeholders.Congress could be discouraged to provide support and funding for major space programs if they fail but might be more likely to fund smaller missions. The public could either lose or amplification confidence, support, and belief in the space program depending on the magnitude of success or failure. FBC mission are less expensive which would decrease NASAs budget and help satisfy both Congress and the general publi c by reducing the take in for extra taxation by Congress and collection of taxes from the general public. 2) Why was the Mars spotter project so successful? let off how Anthony Spears management style impacted future missions. Project management was the key to success of the Mars Pathfinder project. It began as an experiment to test the validity of the FBC reform mandated in 1992 when Daniel Goldin was assigned as the new administrator of NASA. A clear and specific plan for the Pathfinder mission was laid out in the beginning and followed through until the end. Analogous to the success of Ciscos ERP implementation, Anthony Spears, an excellent manager and thought leader with years of experience at NASA, gained the support of top management and the JPL institution (Spears, 1999).Spears developed a unique balance of an advisory committee of experts to support and guide the difficult project, while he recruited talented, yet naive, energetic youngsters to do what some more experience d people thought impossible. As Spears writes in his lessons learned report it was a blend of bright, ambitious youth and scarred old timers, each challenged and empowered, all working each issue unitedly (1999). Together, they created a team that bonded and worked together successfully.Spears goal was not only the success of the Pathfinder project, but of the FBC program success, unlike the vision of future project managers. The success of Pathfinder did not translate well in future FBC missions. Risk management and testing were important to the Mars Pathfinder success. While the Mars Pathfinder team worked together successfully, the jr. players went on to think they were great project managers themselves, but still hadnt learned enough to manage their next missions successfully.In future FBC projects, some reasons for failure were poor team communication, inadequate or under-trained staff or insufficient testing in 70% of missions and insufficient risk assessment and planning on 86% of missions (exhibit 4). 3) One of the major issues in this case is the retirements of experts. Why is this a riddle for NASA? Would it be less of a problem in a different type of organization? Suggest immediate steps that NASA could take to mitigate the problem. Explain your choices.By 2006 half of NASAs work force was eligible for retirement which could lead to a major loss of knowledge, especially tacit information, diminishing the collective wisdom of the organization. A senior manager at NASA states, we have no formal process for transferring knowledge from thought leaders to new managers and IT systems had not yet been sufficient in transferring experiential knowledge to the younger generation. Unfortunately, this would be true in many organizations unless they had sufficient knowledge management systems in place and a culture where sharing knowledge was valued and encouraged.In order to mitigate the problem of losing their knowledge base, NASA not only needs to continue to implement their KM strategy, but truly change the culture. Experienced project leaders and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), such as design engineers, should openly share their knowledge and not just when asked for it. I support several of the planned KM initiatives such as the capture of information by improving documentation, development of an enterprise web-based portal, and the Knowledge Sharing Initiative (KSI) aimed at changing the companies culture.In addition to these activities, an exit strategy could be developed for retiring employees where they essential follow standard procedures for employing case-based reasoning in an online database employing a searchable classification system. Additional knowledge could be disseminated by those eligible through training sessions. A reward system should be coupled to these exit requirements and could be increased if the employee decides to be procurable in the Expert Connections directory of SMEs that could be contacted for suppor t after they leave.New positions might need to be created for dedicated knowledge managers such as oldtimer knowledge officers. Its also possible that NASA could obtain some replacement of lost experts by collaborating with space programs in other countries. Collecting the information from experts must be coupled with management support of a corporate wide schema to store the data, methods of dissemination, and apply the information to ultimately make better decisions on projects that involve risking peoples lives. 4) Jean Holm had two options she could choose from 1) upgrade the IT systems or, 2) change the culture.Which would you choose and why? Is there a third option? Explain your answer. In order for Holms to truly have a successful knowledge management system in place, implementation of a hybrid system should be in place enforcing both upgrade to IT systems occurring simultaneously with changing the private culture into a shared one. Integration of both, changing the culture and IT upgrades entrust be a lengthy process so it would be critical to first strategically plan for cultivating and managing formal processes for knowledge transfers.Implementing formal processes such as required protocols, reports, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and work instructions for each mission or project should be enforced from every high-level management as it might help with the KM transfer crisis. Once every item has been completed by the high-level management it would be placed into the appropriate IT systems database in conjunction with the integration of the required knowledge management video synopsis from experienced engineers and scientist who exit the centers.Curriculums would be in place with learning modules with specific need encapsulating these protocols, reports, SOPs, work instructions and video synopsis would then be posted on the intranet, ready for the potential novice engineers and scientists entering the NASA work force do the system more enrich ed and meaningful. 5) President Obama is implementing changes to NASAs charter, which will create new ways of funding/executing projects than NASA is used to. Do a little online research. Do you agree or disagree in this change of direction? Explain. Caution this is not to be addressed as a political issue) The Obama administrations new NASA charter includes a couple of key parts A) In February 2010, the Obama administration canceled the Constellation Program, which was started by former President George W. Bushs administration in 2004. This program aimed to put US astronauts back on the moon by 2020, for the first time since the final Apollo mission. B) In April 2010, Obama proposed increasing NASAs overall budget by about $6 billion over five years and shifting NASAs aim for manned space program to Mars (from the moon).By the middle 2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And landing on Mars will follow, he said. C) He also challenged th e commercial space industry to take up the routine tasks that NASA would abandon such as ferrying astronauts to and from the space station. I do not agree with him on the part A and Part B of the new charter. The Constellation Program is already 5 year old, and has spent $9. 1 billion.It has already made significant progress and will help America maintaining its space leadership position over Russia and China. On the other hand, I think that it will set a foundation for manned space mission to Mars. Obamas vision of manned mission to Mars by mid-2030 does not seem hard-nosed to me as he has not talked about its technology feasibility. However, I do agree with his plans Part C. I think that it will significantly reduce the cost for transporting people and cargo to and from low-Earth orbit, and might induce the rise of a true space economy.