North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Program

jointure Koreas Nuclear Weapons Program northeasterly Korea has been in the forefront of the news as of late due in part to their Nuclear Weapons syllabus. Their efforts to develop thermo thermonuclear weapons has been an ongoing concern worldwide for some measure now and tensions increased internationally after they conducted multiple tests in the recent years. What is northeast Koreas real intentions in regard to their nuclear weapons program? In order for us to better understand North Koreas intentions, it is important to take a look at the timeline of their nuclear weapons programs progression and the negotiations known as the sise society negotiation from this one can see that their intentions be based off of their financial hardships and famine. North Koreas attempt toward the acquisition of nuclear technology dates back as early as 1959. It was at this time that they signed a nuclear cooperation stipulation with the Soviet Union. This agreement was aimed at the growi ng of nuclear energy technology and by 1983 the North Korean nuclear weapons program had been started (Ahn Web). In 1968, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NTP) was drafted by the USSR and the fall in States and submitted for linked Nations members to sign (Clemens Jr. Web). During the late 1980s North Korea had developed a state of economic decline. This was due in part to the Soviet Unions economic and political changes, in which they had stopped providing financial aid to North Korea (Ahn Web). Do to this economic hardship North Korea decided to sign the Nuclear nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1985 (North Korea Nuclear Timeline Web). However, between 1989 and 1991, it had be answer suspect that North Korea had been pursuing nuclear activities by extracting plutonium from its re expect reactor at Yongbyon. These suspect activities led to the first North Korean nuclear crisis which lasted from 19931994 (Ahn Web). The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was sent in to in vestigate what was believed to be unregistered nuclear waste dumping facilities, but North Korea was non cooperative with that request. However, when the West agreed to assist North Korea through economic aid and the lifting of economic sanctions it seemed that the crisis had come to an end (Ahn Web). Just another example of how North Korea intentions stem a tear the economic hardships that the country faces. In 1994, North Korea and the United States had come to an agreement that North Korea would freeze and eventually dismantle its old nuclear reactors. In exchange, they would be provided international aid to build two new light-water nuclear reactors (North Korea Nuclear Timeline Web). North Korea was in dire need of the extensive economic aid that the West would provide. During the 1990s North Koreas economic recession continued its downward spiral. By May of 1994, famine had become wide spread throughout the country. Many believed that the nuclear program was a tool social fu nctiond by North Koreas loss leader to divert the publics focus away from the economic problems and famine and refocus it on the United States and the IAEA (Ahn Web). This way the North Korean leader could point the blame for the hardships of the people toward one enemy and away from himself. InJanuary of 2003, North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT) (North Korea Nuclear Timeline Web). This withdrawal is what lead tonegotiations that are known as the sixsome Party Talk. These talks involved sixstates, the United States, North Korea, China, South Korea, Japan and Russia.The purpose of these talks was to try to turn North Korea to dismantle itsnuclear capabilities. It was believed that with the right amount of pressureand incentives that North Korea would cease their nuclear proliferationendeavors and be convinced to dismantle its nuclear capabilities (Habib Web). North Korea was proceed to have economicissues and their primary intent seemed to steam ar ound the need for economic aid.These negotiations would take place from 2003 until 2009 and were comprised ofsix rounds of talks. In the first round of talks which occurred in August 2003,North Korea called for normalization of relations. They wanted a non-aggressionpact from the United States otherwise they would not dismantle their nuclearprogram. However, the United States declined this request (Liang Web). When the blink of an eye rounds of talks began in February 2004, they appeared to be off to agood start. North Korea put a deal on the tale to destroy its nuclear weaponsprogram if they could continue to develop peaceful nuclear energy programs.This was an agreeable compromise for China and Russia. However, the UnitedStates, Japan, and South Korea were not in agreement. They did not want NorthKorea to have access to nuclear capabilities (Liang Web). Looking back on NorthKoreas past it is understandable that this would be a concern, because theyhave not unbroken deals that th ey had made in the past. For instance, when they hadsigned the nonproliferation treaty then secretly continued to pursue nuclear weaponsdevelopment. In the third round of talks, in June of 2004, the United States steppedup with a proposal. In this proposal, they called for North Koreas todismantle its nuclear program. It stated that North Korea would be given athree month achievement to prepare to freeze its program, after which they would berequired to provide record of activities proving that activities had stoppedand that the program had been dismantled (Liang Web). This proposal did not goanywhere.Thefourth round of talks did not get off to a good start. The United StatesPresidential election put negotiations on hold for a while followed by NorthKorea declared that they were now in possession of nuclear weapons. North Koreathen declared that they were no longer interested in continuing the six partytalks. But, they would eventually be convinced to return to negotiations whenthe US agreed to recognized them as a sovereign state. The turning point forNorth Korea to turn back the talks would be when the US stated that they did nothave any intentions of invading North Korea (Liang Web). On September 19, 2005,there appeared to be headway on the negotiations front with North Koreasagreement to abandon their quest for nuclear weapons program and allow the IAEAback in for inspections in exchange for the normalization of relations with theUS and Japan as well as economic aid (Bajoria Web). Again, we see that economicaid has made its appearance once again. However, North Korea wanted to continuetheir nuclear energy program. They agreed to rejoin the NPT, as well as to allowinspections from the IAEA (Liang Web). Bythe time the fifth rounds of talks began, in November of 2005, tensions were mettlesome and the climate of negotiations had deteriorated. The US had placed sanctionsagainst North Korea and the froze the assets the state held in the Banco DeltaAsia of Maca u (Liang Web). North Korea had again boycotted the six party talks.They decided to do a show of force out in an attempt to send a to the US tounfreeze North Koreas assets. This is when North Korea begun to conductingmissile and nuclear testing (Habib Web). The United Nation passed gag law1718 in October of 2006 on North Korea calling for an immediate stop to theirtesting and the nuclear program to be abandoned. They urged North Korea toreturn to the six party talks. negotiation resumed in February 2007 and thereappeared to be an agreement amongst the six parties. North Korea woulddismantle its nuclear program and the Us and Japan would to work towardnormalization with North Korea. The agreement included the that all partieswould work toward providing north Korea with the acquisition of heavy fuel(Liang Web).Thesixth round of talks did not start off well. The US had not released the fundsin the Banco Delta Asia of Macau and the North Korean delegate walked out ofnegotiations. Altho ugh talks would continue in September and October of 2007after the IAEA confirmed that the nuclear facility at Yongbyon and the partiescontinued their talks about supplying heavy oil (Liang Web). Just as talks werelooking like there was progress they began to falter insofar again. North Korea wasnot happy with samples being collected at their Yongbyon facility and claimed thatno such agreement had been made. In April 2009, North Korea test launched a modify Taepo Dong-2 three-stage rocket. An obvious disregard to theagreements made in other rounds of talks. On April 14th 2009, NorthKorea announced that they would no longer be part of the six party talks andthat any agreement that had been made in previous talks were null and void.Many have called for the talks to continue, but to no avail (Liang Web). thereseems to be a stalemate at this time. We can see that North Korea has nointentions to dismantle their Nuclear weapons program any time soon. For themit is their bargaining chip. The use of fear of attack as a means of gettingwhat they want, what they need. Itis apparent that North Korea has been in search of Nuclear technology for manyyears. Their motives behind this search come to light when one takes a look atthe history behind it. A deeper look into time line of North Koreas nuclearweapons and the event that occurred during the six party talks, shows thatNorth Koreas declining economic situation has been a key player in their questfor nuclear weapons capabilities. There hopeless need for economic aid has ledthem toward a road where they believe the fear of a nuclear attack is the onlyway for them to obtain the untold needed assistance that they need.WorksCitedAhn, Mun Suk. WhatIs the Root Cause of the North Korean Nuclear Program?. Asian AffairsAn American Review, vol. 38, no. 4, Oct. 2011, pp. 175-187. EBSCOhost,doi10.1080/00927678.2011.604287.Bajoria,Jayshree, and Beina Xu. The Six Party Talks on North Koreas Nuclear Program.Council on Foreign Relat ions, Council on Foreign Relations, 30 Sept.2013, www.cfr.org/backgrounder/six-party-talks-north-koreas-nuclear-program.Habib, Benjamin.North Koreas Nuclear Weapons Programme and the Maintenance of the SongunSystem. Pacific Review, vol. 24, no. 1, Mar. 2011, pp. 43-64.EBSCOhost, doi10.1080/09512748.2011.554992.Clemens Jr., Walter C.North Koreas Quest for Nuclear Weapons New Historical Evidence. Journalof East Asian Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan-Apr2010, pp. 127-154. EBSCOhost,ccco.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48647386&site=ehost-live&scope=site.North Korea Nuclear TimelineFast Facts. CNN, Cable News Network, 4 Sept. 2017,www.cnn.com/2013/10/29/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-timelinefast-facts/index.html.Liang, Xiaodon. FactSheets & Briefs. The Six-Party Talks at a Glance, Arms Control Association,18 July 2017, www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/6partytalks.