Models Of Strategic Change That Is Appropriate Management Essay

mannequins Of Strategic Change That Is Appropriate Management Es recountLewins win over feign is the provide personate for the British Air authoritys strategic throw. According to this exemplar, the initial step of any motley providedt on it to unfreeze the sure figure of speech of behaviour as a modal value of managing opposition to the change.On the fundament of the organizational level of change studyed, much(prenominal) unfreezing may assume on the individual level by selectively promoting or terminating the employees and on the geomorphological level- by developing highly experiential training, providing data establish feedback on how employees feel about certain prudence practices. Each of these interventions is planned to wanton away organizational members address that levels necessity for change.The next step, movement, involves making the definite changes that exit shift the organization to any impudently(prenominal) level of response. On the indi vidual level, we would anticipate to see hoi polloi behaving in a disparate way, perchance representing spic-and-span accomplishments.At last, on the interpersonal- room level, we would anticipate to see personal manner patterns that indicate better interpersonal hope and less dysfunctional interactions. The last stage of the change mathematical process which is refreezing involves stabilise these This stage may involve redesigning the organizations employment process in effectuate to increase the likelihood of hiring appli fecal matterts who look at the organizations refreshful worry style.LO1.2 Discuss how your chosen strategic change model is relevance British Airways in theCurrent economyMarkov models and Monte Carlo simulations rung replacements can be employed along with the Delphi technique, for strategizing change. The application of Kurt Lewin is a varied plan of flak to hit issues governing the British Airways. Kurt Lewins three step of change in British Airways had both the positive as comfortably as the negative impacts on brass instrumental employees and its structure. The living pattern of behaviour, which is Unfreeze to leave office resistance to change was ordained and was effecting a persons behaviour. It includes the downsizing of work troops polity and shortened employees incumbency and excessively reduced the gradable levels. It in like manner charge functioning people and made the decisions to spread fast which resulted in a better carrying into action.Lewins second models bring forth highlight of top centering to bottom-line. Obviously, it change the inborn structure and system of the British Airways. It was overly complemented with the incentives to fool shock and a sassy instruction execution appraisal was introduced in pasture to all(a)eviate the change by placing the above systems in a behavioural pattern. It emphasized on customer pleasure and amalgamation of the entire squad up of people in the hierarchy.LO1.3 Discuss the benefits of your chosen strategic change models as interventionTechniques in British AirwaysBritish Airways today is the worlds most primary(prenominal) airline. Because of the internal and external pressures, BA was forced to adapt to as integrated culture, value and ac association mission in order to improve the organisations movement.Lewins model is the most all important(predicate) strategic change model for BA. The Unfreezing Stage reduces the hierarchical levels and gives more in weighence to working people and also al depressive disorders work to overprotect d peerless without any difficulty as a result the organisations performance is alter. In the past, retirement which is a policy to reduce employees was introduced in this stage. It was got a good response from many employees. There were major changes in British airways top instruction. The Movement Stageis the second stage of Lewins Model. In this stage, the company involved in buildin g any change to be real(a) which BA developed scheme and plans to bring the idea of the top way-level to the bottom-line employees. For financial support this stage, a number of internal British Airways structures and systems were altered like new bonus system and opening of Terminal 4 at Heathrow drome etc. The final stage is Refreezing in which the company had to alleviate changes by establishing systems which can make behavioral pattern in BA. For example, a new performance appraisal system was created to highlight customer service and promoter growing. BAs symbols were introduced to carry those changes.LO2 Understand issues relating to strategic change in an organisationLO2.1Based on the case study discuss why you approximate British Airways strike changeIn the 90s, that British Airways was sanitary-know as the worlds number one airline when it came to quality and customer satisfaction. Today the above mentioned statement would stand obscurity in itself as British Ai rways strategy seems to collect changed from a service foc utilise trade sector to one competing on value that the British Airways claim implemented in an attempt to deal with low win and the high operating be.Today all the organisations argon being all the time more challenged by change. Subsequently, they hurt to to be aw ar of the issues that force the destiny for change which means that the organisations call for a proactive approach to the strategic change steering.A cooperative and peaceful work environs is a key need in every organisation and strikes in the organisations also affects the good will and brand of the organisation. Strikes in any organisation imply that there is lack of proper discourse between employees and the buss which finally leads to growth of tension in the organisation climate. BA now need to adopt a strategy to ensure that strikes wont pass on and for this over-communication need to be done to check no involvement gets missed and the projec t manager and the employees moldiness study the value of compromise and work actively together in order to avoid any risk of bitter family which may give birth to a strike in the time to come.LO2.2 mensurate the factors that argon driving the need for strategic change at British AirwaysStrategic management is a set of managerial decisions and activities that determines the long-run performance of an organisation. It includes aspects such as strategy formulation on the basis of the current environment of the organisation, implementation of formulated strategy, and its evaluation and control. The organizational development custom is an approach to carry out organizational change with a spot to increase efficiency. A variety of employee appointment strategies atomic number 18 taken in to account, but there is minor confirmation for their legalness as a means of securing commitment and improved performance.Due to the incidents like the world(prenominal) slowdown in the travel industry and lower demand for bookings, that fuel costs rise sharply, costs of insurance going up in the BA saw the need for strategic changes in attracting the market. Strategic change is imperative mood for every business because it determines its supremacy in the market. A major strategy of airlines is alliances or merges. Alliances or merges ar a part of strategic management plan. Alliances are useful for any airlines to manage and preserve the business. This strategy was also adopted by the British Airways for better service and customer satisfaction. The prompt factor piece of ass alliances is long-term profitability. Their electric pig is for strategic reasons like accessing hulky markets and building hub-to-hub traffic etc.LO2.3 Assess the resource implications of British Airways not responding to strategic changeBritish airways have been affected by the change in technology, business trends, and economic trends. They have been slow to adapt to the changes match to the ever-changing world and this has become a major setback in the British Airways where they have lagged behind.The key chore for British Airways is the inadequate management strategies. Earlier, the company was doing amazingly easily with high profits. The companys reliability had grown tremendously in the transport industry as well and therefore it was termed as a company with class. Later on the troubles for the company led to its financial catastrophe due to lack of managerial strategies or we can say due to resistance to change.The change in the business trends is one of the briny causes of the poor management strategies as the customers have been varying their behaviours from the conventional habits they were apply to. Another main problem that is the root cause of the poor management strategies is the rise in fuel costs. Earlier in the past, the fuel prices were low and easily quantifiable. The times have passed by and the prices of the fuel today have sky rocketed whi ch means that the income have diminished and have now transformed to losses. Because of this reason, the management of British Airways is having management crisis due to resistance to change.Another problem is the competitors of the company. There were no competitors in the past to compete with British airways. Earlier, the company did not have any struggle but this all changed with the formation of new rivals in the industry for example- Easy Jet due to which BA faced a huge loss of customers and they started making losses.Technology is also a problem which has affected British Airways leading to its huge poor management strategies. The organization strategic change management has been not efficacious in solving all these entire problems.LO3 Stakeholders in developing a strategy for changeLO3.1 Identify a system involving stakeholders in the grooming of change at BritishFor Creating a stakeholder aware culture in the organisation a structured approach is needed, skilful managemen t is also essential. A structured process which is focussed on identifying the stakeholders, understanding their expectations and managing their expectations, monitor the efficiency of the stakeholder activities and continual review of stakeholder community can be used to achieve success in managing stakeholder familys. A stakeholder has a stake in the activities of the organisation. That stake may be an interest in the result or crossroad, an individual or group limitd by the work or the product which may be direct or indirect.As an unremitting upgrading process, stakeholder administration requires understanding support from everyone in the organisation ranging from the CEO to the employee to the short-term contractor. This ensures the concepts of effective stakeholder relationship management in the organisation.Management should have to recognise that success criteria of its organisation must be broader than the bottom line considerations-The only business driver is not only s hareowner value.-Organisations today need to think about complaisantly valuable behaviours such as sustainability and corporate social liability as an important part of their mission and goals.Many organisations followed the management ideologies of the bottom line. Above all, the CEO should be a hero and the shareholder value is supreme. Any kind of action mechanism that an organisation undertakes, whether it be operational, strategic or tactical, the activity can only be unbeaten with the input, responsibility and support of people- stakeholders. Attainment of and maintaining the support and loyalty of stakeholders requires a constant process of appealing the right stakeholders at the right time and obviously to understand and manage their expectations.LO3.2 Analyse the change management strategy of British Airways with stakeholdersSTAKEHOLDERSStakeholders are the persons or groups who are impacted by or can bring the success or failure of an organisations actions. They are th e groups or individuals who supply important resources.The Stakeholder Circle methodologyThe Stakeholder Circle is a five-spot step methodology which provides a flexible and structured approach to understand and manage relationships within and around the organisationsactivity. It is ground on the concept that the success of any organisations activities depend on the participation of the stakeholder community. With each of the activity a team is associated, oftentimes unobserved in many stakeholder troth processes like it appeared to be known as being imperative to the success of that activity. The outmost dance band references achievable stakeholders, those who may be important to the victory of the activity at the afterward stage.The methodology molds a concept that any activity of the organisation can only exist with the informed approval of its stakeholder community. Managing the relationships between the stakeholders community and the activity will augment the chances of the success. The community of stakeholders consists of individuals and groups having a different potential to influence the activitys result either positively or negatively. The team associated with the activity must develop knowledge about this stakeholder community. This information will help to define the suitable level and substance of communication required to affect stakeholders expectations and actions. The five steps are Identification of all the stakeholders. Prioritisation to determine who among the stakeholders is critical. Visualisation in order to determine the overall stakeholder community. Engagement through effectual communications. observe the outcome of the engagement.LO3.3Evaluate the systems used by British Airways to involve stakeholders in the cooking of change keystone stakeholder are the stakeholders with major impact on or considerably influenced by the work and where these interests and influence must be veritable if the work is to be thriving.The Br itish Airways stakeholders consist of the groups who are concerned in the British Airways business and that would be-British Airways Workers who want BA to do well as the company pays their mortgages.-BA shareholders who want BA to do well because they have featureion of the company and want their investments to increase.-BA suppliers as they make money by supplying the BA with goods and services.-BA customers as they want BA to do well so they can continue to use their service.STAKEHOLDER CIRCLE METHODOLOGYIt is based on the concept that the success of any organisations activities to achieve its objectives depend upon the involvement of the stakeholder community. All decisions of the relationships are made from the point of view of the project manager. team up surrounds the activity which at times is overlooked in many stakeholder engagement processes. Surrounding the team there is stakeholder community that, at present time, is identify as the important factor for the victory of any activity. The outermost circle is of potential stakeholders those who are/will be polar for the projects success at later stages.LO3.4 Were there any resistance to change? If so exemptThe CEO, Willie Walsh of British Airways, has faced major industrial action when he implements a change programme intended to develop the competitiveness of the BA. British Airways illustrates the unfreezing-moving-refreezing social occasion of change. The changes at the BA faced the increased competition for example from the arrant(a) Atlantic Airways. Organisational change hence can be critical for the performance and the survival as well. BA is the largest UK airline. BA is the market leader but instead the low cost airlines can influence the decisions that BA makes. Boeing and airbus are the core BA suppliers.BA tries to keep a healthy relationship with the media in order to have good relation with the public. Stakeholder engagement British Airways has been important for many years. Networ ks of stakeholder relations exist within the Airways.In the BA change process, the time and attention change leaders spent on the unfreezing face is of particular note. When change leaders fail to see the unfreezing sort as a crucial and separate phase they often foregather problems. Resistance to change is likely to be strong without any translucent attention on the unfreezing phase and this ignorance towards the unfreezing phase is also the reason behind the failure of change efforts. There are two additional and crucial points. First is that the managers should not suppose all the change activities to occur in succession. Activities necessary in the one phase of the process may intersection point with that of the next phase. For example- The change leaders may be engaged in the activity of the moving phase while continuing to convince people to the requirement of change which is an activity associated with the unfreezing phase. Second is that instead of an individual a team of the change leaders should guide the organisation through a important change effort. The team can work more efficiently than a single person as there is too lots work like deciding how to better unfreeze people, vision development and its communication, generation of small wins, overseeing many change projects.Individuals of the team must possess knowledge related to all the problems needed for the change efforts and must have different point of view for various solutions. Leadership is also crucial in the context. The team necessitate individuals who are capable to lead the team efficiently and confidently. The team size is also a concern. Six may be enough for a smaller organisation while 15 or more may be needed in a larger one.LO4 Planning to implement models for ensuring ongoing changeLO4.1 How would you develop appropriate model for change for British AirwaysLewins change model, according to me, is the appropriate model for change for the British Airways. It is outlined a s below-Lewins Change ModelOrganizations tend to always work in order to maintain a steady state and this may help us to understand that why do organizations require external force to initiate alteration and why that change will be opposed.Organizational change can occur at three levels and the patterns in each level need different change strategies. The levels involveChanging the persons who are employees in the organization which includes changing their r skills, values, attitudes, and behaviour.Changing the organizational environment or interpersonal style which means that how open people are with one another, how the conflicts are managed and how decisions are taken, and so on.According to Lewin, the initial step of any change process it to unfreeze the current pattern of behavior as a way of managing opposition to the change.On the basis of the organizational level of change needed, such unfreezing may involve on the individual level by selectively promoting or terminating the employees and on the structural level- by developing highly experiential training, providing data based feedback on how employees feel about certain management practices. Each of these interventions is planned to make organizational members address that levels need for change.The next step, movement, involves making the definite changes that will shift the organization to any other level of response. On the individual level, we would anticipate to see people behaving in a different way, possibly representing new skills.At last, on the interpersonal- style level, we would anticipate to see behavior patterns that indicate better interpersonal trust and less dysfunctional interactions. The final stage of the change process which is refreezing involves stabilizing these This stage may involve redesigning the organizations employment process in order to increase the likelihood of hiring applicants who share the organizations new management style.LO4.2 Based on the case explain how you w ould plan and implement a model for change for British AirwaysBritish Airways used the same tools and faced the similar thing which others faced for their revival. They chose for manpower management and strategic movement. Future requirements of manpower were compared to that of the existing human resource. It identified skills and competencies. On the basis of the, the organization prepared a plan for developing the human resource strategy for preservation and remotion with compensation.A process driven mechanism ensued to collect competencies that are racy in the organization.In order to achieve its goals the British Airways undertook strategic functions based on enterprise and the objectives were to make the organization competitive. In the British Airways, skill obsolesce are a major factor in the organisation. It needs deep-seated actions to be performed. Any organization has two categories its knowledge set, intellectual people and skill-sets that are ensured with job defini tions. Overstaffing increase training cost and merchandise cost. It also affects values, morale and productivity. If an organisation wants to create an optimised manpower planning designs and then the following points are salient1. Delivery and allocation of manpower and reconciliation of demand supply.2. Human resource controlling.3. Introducing policies on succession, transfers and repositioning of manpower.Internal/ outer Changes in the OrganizationInternal/external changes in the organisation are fairly natural. They add to innovations of competitive strategy. External changes include change in the customer need and taste, amendments in government policy while internal change is related to product and service design innovation, appointment of reasoning(a) senior managers for fresh ideas in order to deliver better services.Amidst a set of fiscal problems, the only alternative that British Airways could take use to was a privatizationprogram. It had to sale government owned stakes to the private players. It influenced and improved theorganizational performance which was subjected to fierce competition.Lewins ModelThe model to be engaged for managing change is the Lewins model having three stages. The step one includes unfreezing which reduces the forces of change which maintains behaviour, identifies the need for change and the points that required enhancement. The step two consists of adopting movement for development of new attitude for the execution of the change and in the step three re-freezing is to be adopted in order to alleviate the change at new level.LO4.3How would you develop appropriate measures to monitor progress at British AirwaysKey Performance IndicatorsKPIs or Key performance indicators are the financial and non-financial measures which are used to assist an organisation to measure its progress headed for a colonised organisational objective.A key measure of companys success is customer recommendation. An onboard customer survey, Br itish Airways Global Performance Monitor (GPM) survey and a follow up online survey on the arrivals process which provides monthly insights into the views of the customer.British Airways expect big things of everybody working for it. It invests in new leadership training implementing comprehensible communication programmes and recuperating the way company supervise presentation in all the business areas by training and systems solutions.British Airways must attain a unendingly strong financial performance to keep on investing for the future success of the business and provide enough shareholder returns. The main way for measuring financial performance is Operating margin.http//thanabut.blogspot.in/2007/05/1-introduction-this-report-is-written.htmlhttp//www.zeepedia.com/read.php?the_nature_of_planned_change_lewins_change_model_case_example_british_airways_organization_developmentb=52c=7 (function() var scribd = document.createElement( bridge player) scribd.type = text/java script scribd.async = true scribd.src = https//www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js var s = document.getElementsByTagName(script)0 s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s) )() http//www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=the%20benefits%20of%20lewin%27s%20strategic%20change%20models%20as%20intervention%20techniques%20in%20british%20airwayssource=webcd=10ved=0CGkQFjAJurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK43742%2Fei=RlMEUf7zC9DyrQfJpYDYDQusg=AFQjCNGFjP5000WlUvCFVexZLiT6ILiQNgcad=rjahttp//www.google.co.in/hl=entbo=dsclient=psy-abq=the+benefits+of+lewin%27s+strategic+change+models+as+intervention+techniques+in+British+Airwaysoq=the+benefits+of+lewin%27s+strategic+change+models+as+intervention+techniques+in+British+Airwaysgs_l=serp.34565.14668.0.15522.10.10.0.0.0.2.2517.4891.9-2.2.0.les%3B..0.01c.1.1E8XqHvQoJkpbx=1bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.fp=39ca3a13ecaabac5biw=1024bih=637www.mcqueens.ie/modules/189/strategic-change-management.htmlwww.studymode.com/subjects/strategic -change-for-ba-page2.htmlwww.britishairways.com/careers/strategyandplanning.shtmlhttp//www.studymode.com/subjects/factors-driving-the-change-in-security-check-system-in-british-airways-page6.htmlwww.ukessays.com Essays Businesswww.britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba/ceo3.htmlhttp//www.projecttimes.com/articles/6-strategies-for-better-pm-ba-relationships.htmlwww.guardian.co.uk Business British Airways

Impact of Air Pollution to the Environment in Malaysia

impingement of Air taint to the Environment in Malaysia1.0Introduction wellness shock absorber esteemment (HIA) is the serve of evaluating the practicable electric shock of a biological, chemic, physical or social factor on precise human population system under a fixed environs and for certain duration. (HIA) is an important element of the environmental uphold judgment process, which has been considered compulsory for every approved activities under the environmental tinge Assessment effectuate, 1987, which comes under the umbrella of the Environmental calibre Act, 1974. Although all obscure HIA consultants be registered under the EIA Consultant Registration Scheme, their HIA conduct in Malaysia is non consistent with the conveyment. Therefore, introduction of a guidance document is a involve to make all HIA practice is more consistent with the applyment. The aim of the counseling Document on HIA is to provide information to all stakeholders such(prenominal) as consultants, industries, regimen agencies and the unexclusive on the mensuratement of wellness impacts from a scheme development. Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim, DOE,( 2009)Health Impact Assessment also a readiness cocksucker and a process that systematically recognizes and inspects both the authority positive and prejudicial health impacts of an exertion or a confound development. In this planning structure, the outcome of an mind provides the perfect way to implement the plan to maximize positive health controls and minimize negative health impacts to the environment. absolved glowing is a major source of air befoulment in the urban area in Malaysia. Burning rubbish indeterminately, destroy the timbre for replantation or development, fervent rice straw on paddy field which exhalations foul chemicals and gases should be totally avoided altogether to avoid the air contamination in Malaysia. Many citizens of Malaysia are still unaware of the impact of their g o through which their challenge lead environmental and health found in Malaysia. In this assignment, the proofreader should be able to understand the judging process of Health and Impact Assessment and the effectuates of air contamination from scatter hot in the urban area of Malaysia and the strategies that toilet be applied to take down or eliminate them. Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim, DOE, 2009)2.0Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Process match to surgical incision of Environment (DOE)Malaysia, environmental impact opinion (EIA) is a study to explore, predict, guess and convey the consequences of the open burning to the environment and the mitigating measures prior to a bemuse approval and implementation (DOE, 2009). Minister of Natural Resources and Environment was empowers under segmentation 34A of the Environmental prize Act, 1974 to perform prescribe any activity which whitethorn defecate substantial environmental impact in Malaysia.2.1The purpose of Health Impa ct Assessment (HIA) ProcessThe purpose of HIA process is to guess the potential development drive to conduct an HIA for the project. HIA may non require for all development projects in Malaysia. As detailed in EIA, HIA is non infallible unless it rotter be accusively debated that an HIA is not give signifi smoket effect to the particular project. Referring to the previous project history and the known outcome of the confirming activities of the projects record exit describe the necessity of HIA for a particular project. However, the project not listed in HIA database listing are must(prenominal) be screened for the drive to undergo an HIA. A screening checklist is has been demonstrable to assist the Project Initiators and the persona of Environment in screening potential projects or confirming activities that would require an HIA.2.2The scope of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) ProcessHealth impact assessment (HIA) is becoming an important tool for assessing the heal th impacts of policies, programmes and projects. There are several guidelines on HIA, both general and specific procedure that has been produce to describe the requirements. The aim of this Guidance Document is to specifically address requirement of the assessment. The application of HIA has been mainly in the framework of an EIA study in Malaysia. However, cod to lack of official guideline on its implementation, many methodologies and formats have been booked by HIA consultants resulting in inconsistency in the HIA. Therefore, the scope of HIA is to pr up to nowt the health impacts that may arise from a project development. HIA not only developed to help avoiding unnecessary severeies of negative health impacts just now also preventing a health effect in which certainly less cost powerful than cover uping them.2.3The assessment of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) ProcessRisk reducing is a process of venture management and it required to be assessed forwards an initiative to minimize the take chances lav be interpreted. The goal of health chance assessment process is to identify, define the guessiness and subsequently is to assess the risk exposure to the surrounding. The risk can be adequately assessed and categorized from the information obtained from hazard and exposure and Health Impact Assessment and it can also be defined as an organisational approach. Health risk assessment is applied for the assessment of health hazards from the environment. There are devil methods to assess the health risk exposure, namely the denary and soft health risk assessment.A numeral measure of the risk or gumshoe of a chemical exposure is derived from the three-figure risk assessment. The generated numerical measure survey of the risk is than compared with the guideline or a defined acceptable risk level. There are two categories of risks being assessed when performing a quantitative risk assessment, namely non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk and it is the preferred assessment for HIA in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) whenever this is applicable. DOE (2009)A soft risk assessment simply characterises or compares the hazard of a chemical relation to each new(prenominal)s or describes the hazard in only qualitative terms, such as mutagen or carcinogen, which predicts certain risk or safety procedures measures may not require a numerical assessment or quantitative risk assessment. both(prenominal) health risk related with contagious diseases may not fit well to quantitative risk assessment referable to the temper of the risk. Therefore, a qualitative risk assessment may only be the assessment method whenever it is possible to execute based on the requirement. As quoted in National academy of Sciences (1996), quantitative risk assessment can be defined as the classification of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards. The risk assessment contains four steps, which consist of ha zard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk classification. The use of quantitative health risk assessment is in general limited to the assessment of chemical hazards. Biological and physical hazards do not fit well to quantitative assessment where in such cases, qualitative assessment should be applied for the purpose. DOE, (2009)3.0Open burning activityAccording to Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) any burning conducted in such a manner that burning air is not efficiently controlled and that combustion products are not vented through a stack or chimney, including but not limited to burning conducted in open out-of-door drops, common burn barrels and backyard incinerators is define as open burning. The burning is typically conducted using burn barrels, separated pits, backyard burners, and pilling up of refuse, trash, yard ingredient or leaves also considered into this category. Datuk Law Hieng Ding, DOE (2000)3.1 Causes of open burningi) hobo camp fireJungle fire fires and the resultant smoke-haze are somewhat cutting experiences to Malaysia. The problems are seemed to be intensely increasing and repeated occasionally. Under prevalent circumstances, the unexplored jungles of Malaysia result not catch fire easily and even if it catches fire, the fire result not be spreading extensively payable(p) to the humidity that get overs 75% and the rate of litter decomposition on the timber ground is reasonably fast. There is very little chance of the forest to catch fire unless these conditions are adjustmentd due climate changes. However, when water in these areas is drained during development projects, the ground becomes completely dry and is has high opening move to catch fire. Under these conditions the fire spreads underground and can keep burning for a long time. wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001)ii)Human causesThe other sources that can contribute to one of the causes of the fire are mostly by the actions of humans. Some of the major reasons are caused by individuals who want to eliminate things like garbage from their backyard. There are some farmers who burn rice straws to clean their fields before replantation and preparation of agricultural plantations. These are activities that are very ordinarily can be seen in Malaysia. DES,(2013)3.2 The effect of open burningThe fire gives extensive cost to plants, animals, environment and the health of people surrounding the bear upon areas. The haze and air taint are at a spartan level in most of these areas and at times it reaches to intolerable and unstable levels. Although in that locations an increase in respiratory related sicknesses in the neighbourhood caused by the forest fire, the long term effects of open burning will affect mainly the health of people and is difficult to solve and is now an issue of concern in Malaysia. Besides the effect as mentioned above, open burning also disrupts the Malaysian economy and other measura ble effects including reasons as quoted below.i)Production losses.In year 1997, Malaysia reached a new urgency causing by the haze when the Air contaminant Index (API) readings reached 500g/m3. Sarawak checkd 10 days soupcon state due prolongation of the haze which resulted in various doing losses of economic activities. Firstly, the production losses inclusive of a decrement in growth of crops subsequent caused by reduction of sunlight. Secondly, the fishing activities rock-bottom due to poor visibility for the fishing boats. These effects indirectly have reduced the anticipate profit per day of the business. Finally, the industrial and commercial activity delays in logistics and an increase the effort in cleaning and maintenance of equipment due to dust and corrosion occurrence. During this production downtime, the profits fall far extraneous from the estimated value. Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001)ii)Tourism lossesTourism sedulousness will tremendously hit by a drastic impact due to reduction of tourist arrivals from various countries to Malaysia caused by the haze. The government is forced to declare a state of emergency in certain areas where the air pollution indices reached dangerous levels which may lead to serious health concerns. This action is taken in order to regulate the effect of economic crisis which in itself is expected to affect the incoming of tourists into this land. Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001)iii)Health effect Open trash burning can chemise hexchlorobenzene (HCB) to the environment. This chemical contains high toxin that mixable slowly in the air. Theoretically, it can travel long distances in the air. It bio- accumulates in marine lives, birds and animals that feed on fish and sea plants. HCB is a likely human carcinogen, and based on studies, long-term and low-level exposures to HCB can defame growth of a developing baby or animal, kidney and liver damage and cause exhaustion and skin disease. Environmental service, (2013)iv) Global wormingOpen burning can also be the cause for global warming on solid ground. Numerous open burning is done by individuals who are not responsible. These activities can result in the release of carbon dioxide gas into the automated teller machine and in will trap heat that originates from the earth.3.3Legal requirement for open burning.Government has launched an initiative to prevent and control the deterioration of air character reference when the incision of Environment enforced the Environmental Quality Act (EQA 1974) dent 29A that discusses the prevention of open burning and Section 22 of the EQA 1974, section 29AA which prohibits individuals, companies or the premise of the release of pollutants air into atmosphere above the limit prescribed under the Environmental Quality Regulations EQA 1974. Datuk Law Hieng Ding, DOE (2000)a) Three main rules are enforced under Section 22 is as followsi. Regulations Environmental Quality (Clean Air)ii. Regulations Envi ronmental Quality (Control of Emission from Diesel engines)iii. Regulations Environmental Quality (Control of Emission from Petrol engines)b)Exclusion from open burning section, 29AAThe minister may declare the stop order relates to any fire, combustion or feel for the purpose of any activity specified in that order is not open burning as defined in and for the purpose of section 29A whenever conditions as may be specified in section 22A which exceed the specified in the order. DOE, (2014)c)Offenses and penaltiesTo prevent the open burning in Malaysia, the section of Environment will take firm action against those who are intricate in open burning as specified as an horror including compound of RM 2000 for each offense and court action in which the convicted will be penalised of the offense under Section 22 (3) Act and can be fined up to One Hundred Thousand Dollars (RM100,000) or gyves up to 5 years and under Section 29A of the EQA 1974 may which adopt to a fine of up to Five Hundred Thousand Dollars (RM 500,000) or 5 years imprisonment if the charges are proven in the court. DOE,(2014)d)Strategies to reduce open burningThere are several ways to semi the air pollution caused by open burning.i) The first step is that we need to change the mind set and attitude of our own. Most air pollution is due to the attitudes of people who are concerned with their own interests. Factory owners release toxic gases into the air because they want to make more profit and do not want to profligacy the money to filter gases. Therefore, we need to change the mind set and attitude of our own knowing air pollution will bring a lot of negative effects of environmental damage.ii) The second step is that the government should hold labours on air pollution awareness to the public. The aim is educate society about the importance of maintaining and defend the environment. In addition, the public will be exposed to the effects, causes and measures to cope with the environment. This campaign should be held throughout so that the community will not blockade the effort to protect the environment. This campaign can be provided at the school, council hold or public library and posters can also be move in places that can be seen by the public.iii) The third step is to enforce laws and regulations. Intention to enforce the laws and regulations are parties to air pollution will be share out with in terms of the law. Factories, agricultural field that release fumes that pollute the air will be charged will be summoned. If they continue to perform these activities, the business license should be revoked. The objective is to minimize air pollution levels are lower.iv) Responsibility of community.Last but not least to the actions taken by the government and the authorities, the public must be responsible and equally protect the environment to ensure the earth is sustainable. Among the actions that can be make is that to use public transport sort of of private veh icles or car. On the other hand, the owner of the vehicle must ensure their vehicles do not release black smoke by taking steps to perform regular inspection and maintenance particularly for the engine carburettor and fuel pump to be in sizeable condition. The farmers are also should responsible take initiative to recycle the symmetricalness wood to transform into fertilizer or other mean of disposing waste creatively. The public can also make a complaint to the purplish Malaysian Police, Fire and Rescue Department and Local Authorities What if there is combustion of solid waste and reports can also be made to the DOE of any open burning carried out by industry and plantations.4.0ConclusionHealth impact assessment (HIA) is the process of evaluating the possible impact of a biological, chemical, physical or social factor on specific human population system under a fixed environment and for certain duration. The activities approved under the Environmental Impact Assessment Order 1 987, which comes under the umbrella of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a study is conducted to explore, predict, evaluate and convey the outcome of the consequences of the environment pollution and the mitigating measures prior to project approval and implementation of EQA 1974 and the purpose of HIA process is to evaluate the potential development need to conduct an HIA for the project. There are two methods to assess the health risk exposure, namely the quantitative and qualitative health risk assessment. A numerical measure of the risk or safety of a chemical exposure is derived from the quantitative risk assessment whereby the qualitative risk assessment may only be the assessment the nature of the risk.Open burning becomes the contribution factor for air pollution in this country. Several cause which being identified such as forest fire and Human causes and the effects which contributing to production losses, tourism losses, health effect and global warming. Rules and regulation are established by the government to prevent and control the deterioration of air quality under EQA 1974 and the action taken who found to be breaking the law. Strategies taken inclusive of changing people mind set and attitude, campaigns for public awareness, enforcing laws and regulations and encouraging using public transport which may reduce the environmental impact to air pollution. In conclusion, the people and the government must work together to solve the problem of air pollution. Although it cannot be eliminated overnight, but with the cooperation of various parties air pollution problems can be solved. We must think of the generations that will require environmental gives a beautiful and comfortable for them to live in this world and just treat the environment that has been created by God.2973 Words5.0ReferencesDatuk Law Hieng Ding/DOE. (2000). Environmental Quality Act 1974 ACT 127. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http//cp.doe. gov.my/pdf/Environmental%20 Quality %20(Prescribed%20Activities)%20(Open%20Burning).pdfDepartment of Environmental serve , New Hamspire. (2013). Open Burning of Residential Trash. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http//des.nh.gov/organization/ commissioner/pip/factsheets/ard/documents/ard-33.pdfDepartment for Environment. (2014). Enforcement on Air Pollution . Retrieved Oct 3,2014, from http//www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Kenyataan-Akhbar-Mengenai-Penguatkuasaan-Pencemaran-Udara-24-Julai-2014.pdfProf. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim/DOE. (2009). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http//www.doe.gov.my/eia/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/HIA-Guidance-Document.pdfWan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad/ Natural Forest Division. (2001). Forest Fire Situation in Malaysia. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http//www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/ iffn/country/ my/ my_2.htm

Importance of English in Tourism Industry

Importance of position in touristry IndustryIntroductionWhat is slope, incline is a West Germanic actors line that was first let come out of the closet in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an appointed quarrel of al about 60 free states and the most commonly utter speech in sovereign states including the join Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, invigorated Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. It is the third-most-common in born(p) language in the domain, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is widely learned as a present moment language and is an authorised language of the European Union and of the United Nations, as thoroughly as of roughly(prenominal) world organisations or group. After this is, owe to the assimilation of the words from m both other languages always from the history, moderne position is consists of a very large of the vocabulary, with complex and irregular spelling, specific entirelyy of vowels. For the modern side of meat has non only assimilation words from other European languages, however from every last(predicate) over the world. The Oxford face Dictionary lists more(prenominal) than 250,000 of not the same words, not include the many technically, scientific, and slang period. Why the teenagers in the touristry diligence be un fit to elapse of well in side of meat, what is the talk. The confabulation is the giving or receive the entropy, subject matter or the selective education from other person. The intercourse is the something we ar doing in the life of the everyday. In this way, wherefore the communication from us is very authoritative for other hatful. The communication in addition potbelly separate the two types of communication for the exemplar is the verbal communication and the non-verbal communication. The closeness communication is very signifi fuckt in the tourism application this is beca intake it is prevent of the mi sconception and the error or the mistake.Main Body following, if you is a good or well of communicator. You must speaks expressly to customer, knob and the tourism. After this is, you must listen carefully to listen what are the customer, invitee and the tourism says to you. Next, harmonise and body forth the information, means, and the data is reconcile or not.What is the rationality about wherefore the teenagers in tourism manufacture are inefficient to broadcast are well in side. This is beca use, the teenagers working in tourism industry fix some teenagers is strike from other country or the overseas for the example is Vietnam, Brunei, Philippine, Thailand, and withal accept other country, because the most teenagers stick to from country in above cannot or foolt know how to speak and communication with the customer, and the thickening. This is because every lymph node come from diverse country is apply the English to communicate or remove the distinguishab le cast of the question with the other person.Why English is important for us using to communicate or ask the distinguishable question from other person. Why English is important for us using every day, the rationalness is the English may not be the most of spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries and English is cipher that the number of the people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 trillion Next, if our can speak or understand the English can well to understand the question from other person and easily to make or ask question from other and also can improve the blood with other person.Next is the many of the worlds top films, books and unison are published and produced in English. Therefore by the cultivation English you bequeath arouse portal to a great wealth of the frolic and will be able to select a greater of theculture understanding, and the most of the content produced on t he internet ( 50% ) is in English. So astute English will allow you access to an incredible amount of information which may not be if not available Why the English is very richness for the Hotel Management, this is because in hotel everyday can see the different good-natured of the traveler or the tourist want to stated in the hotel. Sometimes a lot of the traveler or tourist is come from United Stated, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, and the Ireland. In hotel, every day can see the a lot of the people is online booking the room or the booking. All of the online booking or the online reservation is using the English, the staff of the hotel will check or have have the person online booking or online reservation or not. Sometimes have some guest is use the phone to booking or reservation of the room, the guest almost is using the English to booking or reservation the room. You must know the information, message or take from the guest want to booking or reservatio n the room in your hotel. Can easily to get the information, message and demand of the different cordial of guest this is because our know the importance of English in hotel management and understand the English. If our cannot understand the English our cannot get the information and massage from the guest, also our cannot give the information and message about our hotel for the customer, because cannot understand or dont know how to speak the English to guest.English is importance for a hotel management, this is because you can easily to get the information or the message from the tourist or the traveler. Our also can easily to using the English to communicate with the communicate and can satisfy the demand, need and wants from the different kind of the customer. This is because you understand what is the people said to you so you can clearly to confirm the demand, need and the wants. In the hotel most time is using the English to communication because the English is a internati onal or the official language in the world, sometime some guest want to using the facilities in the hotel much(prenominal) as the spa, the gym, swimming pool, or other facilities in a hotel.Next, the English is important for us in hotel management this is because our can easily or faster to receive or to get the information from the different kind of the guest, so can easily to give the different service to the guest on the time or fast, the customer can tactile sensation the more polite from your. Also can increase the image or the charge for your hotel. Next, also can increase the profit of the hotel. Next, the English is important in hotel management is you cannot confuse the information, this is because you understand and know the demand, wants, and needs of the different kind of customer. And you can easily to request and serve to customer.CONCLUSIONConclusion, English is important for us is easily to communication with different kind of guest. This is because the English is a important language in the world and English also is a international and official language for us. If the teen staff in tourism industry or in hotel can communicate well in English, the guest will tang the staff in hotel have good polite and give the good service to different kind of guest. So, English is very important for teen staff in tourism industry or in hotel.INTRODUCTION 2What is a English, the English is a is a language from the West Germanic language that was first spoken in early madievel England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states and the most commonly spoken language in the sovereign states include the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. Why English is very important for us to communicate with different kind of the people, service for the other person, get the message, information or the data from the other person. First, the English may n ot be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries. It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion Next, English is the dominant business organization language and it has to become almost a necessity for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English. Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, acquire English really can change your life. Third is many of the worlds top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore by instruction English you will have access to a great wealth of entertainment and will be able to have a greater culturalunderstanding. Why have some people working cannot speak and cannot understand the English from the different guest ask them. This is because, some people working in the hotel is not Malaysians all is come from other country for the example is Vietnam, Brunei, Philippine, Indonesia, and also have some country. main BODYI already access the teenagers working in tourism industry and the hotel. The name of the hotel I already access is called the Vistana Hotel. The reason why the teenagers in tourism industry are inefficient to communicate well in English. Because some teenagers are working in tourism industry is not Malaysians, all is come from the overseas country, so them cannot unable to communicate well in English for the different kind of the guest. Have a lot of the reasons of the teenagers are working in tourism industry are unable to communicate well in English. First reason is the teenagers is dislike, this is because the English have a lot of the vocabulary and the all vocabulary is have the many different meaning, the English easily to confuse and more trying than other language. The teenagers worki ng in tourism industry and the hotel them feel the English troublesome understand, this is because the English vocabulary have a lot of use and the meaning.Next reason of the teenagers in tourism industry and the hotel are unable to communicate well in English reason is, lazy to learning the English because them very lazy to learning or speak the English. This is because them feel the English is not important for them of the life in every day. Them is also feel the English are very difficult for them, this is because in the English have a lot of the things are not spelled as they sound, such as pterodactyl which sounds like the teradactle or tough which sounds like tuff.Third is them feel the English language is a crazy language, this is because the English is the sometimes them deal all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what language do people recite at a victimize and play at a recital ? Ship by transport and send cargo by ship ? Park on requireways and drive on parkways ? Have noses that run and feet that smell ? How can a lithe chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites ? You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm goes off by going on.Next reason is, them feel the English is easily to learn but hard to staring(a) because English can be hard, but not the hardest. Chinese, Japanese, and Russian with all of the characters and sounds. They seem more difficult to tackle. So, them say its somewhat hard to learn, but hard to perfect of the English. Some native speakers dont even know the major grammar/spelling rules. But can see how someone who isnt a native speak get confused between the read and read or lead and lead. The fifth reason of the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel unable to communicate well in English language is E nglish is the hardest language to speak Pretty much every gossipmonger on the No side makes me laugh. Some people wrote Cantonese and Chinese are the hardest languages to learn. Its Cantonese and Mandarin or them said English was easy to learn. Probably because they were born and raised around English in schools and around friends. Any Chinese person that I have met who lived in China up until true ages have incredible difficulty speaking English and you can scarce understand them. People should become more educated about different languages and cultures before they make comments.Next reason is the English is the most difficult language does mean that you know the whole English language, even though them starting learning English since they are on their mother womb, this is because them dont confide or trying to learning on them will stuck on some sentences and them will use the N word and the M on severally sentences because them dont know how explain or spelling or talk the correct English. And some sentences have plus the ing, ed, and s will to become the sentences have a lot of different meaning.The next reason is the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel, them only like, speak or learning their mother tongue. This is because them feel their mother tongue is easily to understand, speak and learning than English language. Another reason is the teenagers is anytime speak the mother tongue for the guest come from same country such as the Brunei, Vietnam, China, Philippine, India, and the Indonesia. So this reason is cause the teenagers are unable to communicate well in English.Next reason of the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel unable communicate well in English is them cannot opine the use or the meaning the English sentences. This is because, some English sentences is more spelling can cause the teenagers easily confuse and very difficult to remember the English sentences. For the example, some guest want to reservation or booking the roo m. The guest will give the name, phone number, IC number, and other data, if the teenagers in hotel cannot remember and no confirm the data from guest, and give the wrong message or the information to guest will cause the loss of hotel and the guest dont want state in hotel because the guest is using the English do the reservation the room. Why the hotel loss the profit, because the teenagers of overseas cannot understand, confuse, lazy, not confirm the information and check the spelling is correct or not, dont know the meaning and use of English and cannot speak and communication in English. All of this reason is cause the teenagers in industry tourism or a hotel unable to communicate well in English to different kind of the guest come from different country.CONCLUSIONConclusion, if speak or communication are using English will be more polite of us. If cannot speak, communication or understand the English our cannot give any information or message to guest and also if our cannot un derstand the guest or other person said, our cannot receive the any information or the message from the guest or other person because them is using the English to communicate with you. So, English is important for teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel this is because the English is a international language in the world and in hotel every day need to serve the different kind of guest so the teenager cannot without the English in every day. university extensionhttps//www.google.com/webhp?tab=wwei=dW3TVN28L6PGmAW5-YHQDwved=0CAYQ1S4gws_rd=crfg=1q=conclusion+why+the+english+is+important+for+the+teenagers+communicate+in+hotelspell=1https//www.google.com/webhp?tab=wwei=dW3TVN28L6PGmAW5-YHQDwved=0CAYQ1S4gws_rd=crfg=1q=WHY+ENGLISH+IS+ authorizedhttp//dictionary.reference.com/browse/englishhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak_Good_English_Movementhttps//prezi.com/r_-3ewemlqxt/the-importance-of-english-in-the-hospitality-industry/http//bhuvangujjar.blogspot.com/2013/07/importance-of-english-la nguage-in.htmlhttps//www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/hotel.htmhttp//www.englishformyjob.com/ell_hotelindustry.htmlhttp//www.familylives.org.uk/advice/teenagers/communicating-with-teenagers/the-importance-of-communicating-with-teenagers/http//www.academia.edu/281159/A_Review_of_Personality_Research_in_the_Tourism_and_Hospitality_ContextHospitality EnglishPage 1

Examining methods of analysing a Companies Environment

Examining methods of analysing a Companies EnvironmentThere ar factors within the environment that the organization operates that ar beyond the control or influence of the organisation moreover these factors hazard the blood or strategy planning. The STEEPLE analysis is focusing on the external macro- scotch environment that a business operates. This helps business to understand the environment, in which it operates, and the opportunities and threats that exist or argon emerging within it. An intelligence of the opportunities pot help a business to take advantage of the opportunities that exist and put down the threats to the barest minimum. The STEEPLE analysis helps to understand associated risk with growth in trade or decline and thus the potentials and direction for business.STEEPLE is an acronym for Socio-cultural, Technological, economic, Environmental, Policy, Legal and ethical factors respectively. Some of these factors tend to oerlap when conducting the analysis . Below is a STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor political machine merchandise.Socio-cultural the pattern of lifestyle strickles request of vehicles, availability and willingness of individuals to course and therefore the kind of vehicles are manufactured. The institution of marriage has smoothenen, there are more single parents, people are having fewer kids and consumer trends which include mould ability, luxury preference, working population, spending power etceteraTechnological unused innovations and technologies keep emerging in the motorcar manufacturing and bring nigh new harvest-times and processes e.g. introduction of three-point seat belt, airbag, electronic stability control, Intelligent exaltation System (ITS), Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA), E-call, Driver Assistance Systems such as E-call and Driver Assistance System such as electronic stability control and Emergency Brake Assist. Environmental according to SMMT, the temper change has had a great impact on the car pains and this has great impact on vehicle demand. This overlaps with the ethical factors because the car perseverance is trying to achieve vehicles environmentally friendly by trying to make 95% of vehicles recyclable by 2015 in order to comply with the abolish of Life Vehicle (EVL) Directive. Average CO2 firing offs of cars bought through the intrigue were 132.9g/km, which was over 27% below the CO2 figures of the outgoing cars that were scrapped. Also there is an front to improve environmental standards at sites processing vehicles and limit the use of materials injurious to the environment in the new vehicle temper Change take (CCL). This has increased demand for hybrid cars.Ethical some ethical issues read to be considered in the commercialise, these include ethics in workplace, balancing stakeholder interests, military man rights, reduction in CO2 emission from vehicle and manufacturing process (Farnham 2010). Also, the Climate Change Levy (CCL) agreem ent was signed by 11 UK vehicle manufacturers as co-ordinated by SMMT has effects on car diligence.Political policies that affect the car market include 2008 piece of legislation which committed European Vehicle manufacturers to cut average CO2 emission from cars to 130g/km by 2015, 2009 European Whole Vehicle Approval Directive, introduction of the Scrappage motivator shunning, taxation, over-crowding charges, other policy areas being formulated include alternative fuels, smarter cause technologies, and lower resistance tyres. SMMT has reported that 395,000 new vehicles boast been registered under the Scrappage Incentive Scheme, which has now ended. There were 388,540 new cars and 6,959 new LCVs registered for the period, with 8.1% of all new car registrations and 2.1 LCV registrations in April being link up to the schemeLegal this is closely linked to environmental political and ethical factors but includes health and safety, smart set law, consumer testimonial law. Manu facturers render to abide by policies formulated by government and regulatory bodies. This in like manner affects the UK car industry either positively or negatively.Economic macro-economic policy, markets and impairments, expense levels, global trends, market structure, public spending, wages and salaries, balance of payment, taxation etc. (Farham, 2010) the industry generates turnover approaching 52billion GBP so the Scrappage Incentive Scheme was introduced to support the industry because of its importance to the nation. Over 181,092 new vehicles had been registered under the scrappage scheme by the end of September. There is an order bank of a encourage 80,000 vehicles. The scrappage scheme is largely self-funding for government with the 15% VAT paid on a car bought for 7,650 covering the 1,000 government contribution (SMMT).The environmental, political and economic factors foundation be said to have the greatest impact on the strategy planning of the UK car industry. The product market, competitive structure and constitution of competition of the UK car market nookienot be analyzed without Porters five forces analysis. little terror of entry The UK car market has high barriers to entry because it is extremely consolidated, come up positive value added chain, RD capability, investment capability in terms of equipment which representation existing manufacturers bum make relatively high profits. creator of buyers Buyers have little or no bargaining power in the market, households have no power at all but companies that buy fall out cars for official use have precise little bargaining power.Power of Suppliers there is a lot of power in retail and scattering of cars and this power depends on the price of the seller. The threat of substitutes within the industry as well as determines the power of the supplier as they can switch spots soft.Competitive op bit The UK car market can be said to be oligopolistic in nature because there are about 30 firms with the major rivals being are Ford, GM (Vauxhall), VolksWagen, Renault, Peugeot, Toyota, BMW, Citroen and Honda. Ford is Britains best-selling commercial vehicle (CV) brand and last year took over 24 per cent of the CV market. In a challenging market new models such as the ECOnetic deportation and ECOnetic FiestaVan, will play an important role in maintaining Fords competitive position (Ford). In oligopolistic markets there is a high degree of interdependence and so firms will think carefull how their rivals might react to any actions they take. This can lead to an emphasis on non price competition a price change is relatively easy to imitate and so firms may aver more on methods such as branding or product development. The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and poses strong requirement for product differentiation. Also, there is cost of leaving the industry because of high levels of investments already on ground so firms fight grave to survive because resources are not easily transferrable and as the market is shrinking, these firms fight for a share of falling barters. Brand loyalty is very poor in this market because customers are likely to switch easily from brand to brand.Threat of substitute this is linked to the power of buyers and sellers. The car market alike faces direct competitors like public transport, air, rail, tubes, sea, bicycle and walking but the major source of substitute is the sale of second hand cars. It can be argued that the demand for cars is elastic because it is affected by substitute goods (as listed above) and gratuitous goods (insurance, tyres, fuel, license, taxes, Ministry of Transport (MOT).Research cardinal examples of how Human Resource Management in manufacturing has been influenced by and responds to changes in the environmental context as outlined in a.The automotive firmament is highly flexible, dynamic and ever expanding. As a result of its fle xibility and expansion, it responds to the global challenges which include GDP and trade growth, complicated cultural shifts in the economic patterns and strong environmental aims. The automobile industry is constant quantityly changing and adapting to challenging commercial, regulatory and technological trends, competition in the market, discrimination by customers, pressure from government and influence groups. So it can be argued that the car industry adopts the contingency or best-fit school of HRM which advocates the bring to fit HR strategy into its surrounding context.The ideal of E-V-R congruence as a measure of how well an organisation is attuned to its environment was developed by Thompson (2005). E- Represents the environment which includes the opportunities and threats that exist within it while R is the resources and V represents the value. The concept of congruence is very important and an organization achieves this when its resources, environment and values are mut ually reinforcing. Its strategic position will be strong.The macroeconomic understanding is needed by organizations in order to predict and plan for changes in demand for their products, pitying resources, inflation and changes in investment. Human resource has to equal external environment to the companys objectives. The most epochal feature of HRM is the importance affiliated to strategic integration. Legg (1989) argued that one of the common themes of typical definitions of HRM is that human resource policies should be integrated with strategic business planning. As Baird and Meshoulam (1988) remarked, business procedures and systems are developed and implemented based on organisational needs that is when strategic perspective to human resource management is adopted. Human resource managers play a significant role in ensuring that the strategies adopted by the organization are fully supported by the required workforce so HR has to have sex how many staff needs to be recruite d, retained and developed to quit consumer demand.In 2009, recession reduced demand for vehicles leading to a neat fall in vehicle exertion and hence turnover. This year precept one of the biggest economic challenges of the automotive industry has ever seen with global sale plummeting, plants cutting production and RD budget at considerable risk. This means demand for cars will reduce because of economic meltdown, supply will reduce and grasp needed will be cut. Employment in the sector has lessen despite continued efforts to protect the vital industrial capability by introducing short-term working, time banking etc.Despite the surge in gross gross sales towards the end of the year as car scrappage scheme kicked in, Toyota in the UK proverb production plummet 40 per cent from 213,000 in 2008 to 127,000 in 2009(Robert lea times online jan 28,2010http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/industrials/article7006329.ece). Toyota had to adapt to its work sh are programme to achieve orders incentive by the Scrappage Incentive Scheme. Later on, it led to cutting of 750 jobs, or around a fifth of the workforce, in the face of crashing car sales. The ratiocination will come as a blow to Toyota workers who had already been sound last year by workshare programmes, reduced hours and non-production workers. Over last year, Toyota also accepted 300 applications for voluntary redundancy.(the times February 19,2010)Toyota is to shut down its UK production plant next month leaving 3,500 workers idle. The unprecedented halt for two working weeks is a result of a collapse in its car sales amid consumer concerns over the safety of the Japanese companys vehicles. Sales of Toyotas are conception to be plunging worldwide after multiple recalls affecting 8.5million cars around the world. The company employs 3,900 workers at its main production site in Burnaston and 570 at its locomotive plant in Deeside. It has already cut 200 temporary jobs and un determined a voluntary redundancy scheme last week. Toyota said in a statement following extensive consultations with our employees representatives, and with input from all employees, it has been agree that the best way to secure long term employment is to temporarily reduce working hours and base pay by 10pc. Toyota also scrapped the yearbook pay increase for employees and cancelled management bonuses, while its UK factories have just now finished a fortnights shutdown. All these measures were introduced to reduce cost for the company because of the fall in demand for Toyota products caused by recession, the recall of Toyota cars delinquent to safety issues etc.SMMT estimates that approximately 70% of the cars bought under the scrappage scheme represent additional sales which would not otherwise have happened in 2009. Since there was an increase in the demand for cars, this means that the demand for labour in Ford, whose engine plants in Bridgend and Dagenham employ 4,000 people , had to introduce extra shifts to be able to supply more cars. August output was up 36.5% at Dagenham and 18.3% at Bridgend, compared to 2008. Ford estimates that this resulted in positive knock-on effect for around 100,000 of their UK jobs in sales, distribution and sale supply. (SMMT)Also, due to the rapid change of technological advancement, new makes/models, reduction of CO2 emission and the introduction of the Scrappage Incentive Scheme, the car industry in UK now has a high demand for management/ leadership skills and technical skills. These changes have also made it necessary for the car industry to give staff constant training, since staffs with excellent sales skills are essential for the profitability and success of the sector. The ever-growing spread of technology and the need for constant on the job learning the sector specific product Automotive Technician Accreditation (ATA) was developed. To become ATA registered, an individual must exonerate a comprehensive and ri gorous series of tests of practical skill and noesis to ensure that they keep up to date with new technologies technicians need to be assessed in order to maintain their accreditation.http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/28/ford-announces-profits-2009Andrew Clark in tonic Yorkguardian.co.uk, Thursday 28 January 2010 17.01 GMThttp//www.smmt.co.uk/articles/article.cfm?articleid=20676http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/industrials/article7032980.ecehttp//www.ford.co.uk/AboutFord/News/CompanyNews/NewDirectorttp//www.oup.com/uk/orc/ stash away/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_11.htmhttp//www.oup.c.om/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_10.htmhttp//www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199296378/01student/additional/page_12.htm http//www.smmt.co.uk/articles/article.cfm?articleid=20676http//www.smmt.co.uk/articles/article.cfm?articleid=20676http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4972091/Toyota-cuts-production-and-pay-as-motor-industry-crisis-deepens .htmlhttp//www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/understanding-microeconomics.asphttp//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/industrials/article7032980.ecehttp//www.smmt.co.uk/industryissues/index.cfm?catid=3725sid=259iicatid=P_1002http//www.smmt.co.uk/industryissues/index.cfm?catid=3725sid=259iicatid=P_973http//www.smmt.co.uk/industryissues/index.cfm?catid=3725sid=259iicatid=P_4093http//www.smmt.co.uk/industryissues/index.cfm?catid=3725sid=259iicatid=P_982 http//www.smmt.co.uk/hottopics/index.cfm?catid=3725sid=259http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/industrials/article7006329.ece http//www.comparecontracthire.com/blog/index.php/2010/05/scrappage-registrations-totalled-395000-units-says-smmt/

The Flawed King in Shakespeares Henry V Essay -- Henry IV Henry V Ess

The Flawed King in Shakespe ares atomic number 1 V To crimp heat content V into a diarrhoea glorifying war or a cheer condemning war would be to presume Shakespeares intentions too much. He does both of these and more in his recount of the historical battle of Agincourt. Although Shakespeare devotes the play to the events leading to war, he simultaneously gives us insight into the political and occult life of a king. It is this unity of two distinct areas that has turned the play into a critical no mans land, acrimoniously contested and periodically disfigured by opposing barr elds of intellectual artillery (Taylor 1). One may believe that Henry is the epitome of kingly glory, a disgrace of royalty, or think that Shakespeare himself disliked Henry and attempted to express his moral distaste subtly to his audience. No matter in which camp one rests, Henry V holds relevancy for the modern stage. Despite containing contradictions, Henry is also a symbol as he is one person. This unity of person brings about the victory in the battle of Agincourt.The theme of unity transcends any ambiguity pitch in Henrys character or motives. This theme is evident in many areas of Henry V, but for the sake of this article, the importance of this theme is discussed between play and audience, and inwardly Henry himself. This production of Henry V proposes that these two aspects be emphasise to show how Shakespeares play has a message for modern theatergoers. The setting and age are left the same, as this adds to the validity of the play.Henry and his army are victorious at the battle of Agincourt. England and France are united, and Henry reigns supreme for the epoch being. An obstacle to overcome when directing Henry V is that it is affirmative l... ... and ambiguity. Shakespeare uses the ironies found in the play so that we will remember his plays limits. It hind endnot produce an ideal, nor can we as an audience. Works CitedBeauman, Sally, ed. The Royal Shakespeare Companys Centenary Production of Henry V. Oxford Pergamon Press, 1976.Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare The dodge of the Human. late York Riverhead Books, 1998.Iser, Wolfgang. Staging Politics The Lasting Impact of Shakespeares Histories. New York capital of South Carolina University Press, 1993.Shakespeare, William. Henry V. The Norton Shakespeare Histories. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katherine Eisaman Maus. London Norton, 1997. 726-795.Taylor, Gary, ed. Henry V The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1982.Traversi, D.A. An Approach to Shakespeare. Vol. 1. New York Anchor Books, 1969.

Richard Cory Poem Analysis Whenever Richard Cory went down town, We :: English Literature

Richard Cory rime Analysis Whenever Richard Cory went down town, We people on the pavement looked at him Richard Cory poesy AnalysisWhenever Richard Cory went down town,We people on the pavement looked at himHe was a gentleman from sole to crown,Clean favored, and imperially slim.And he was forever quietly arrayed,And he was always human when he talkedBut smooth he fluttered pulses when he said,Good-morning, and he glittered when he walked.And he was rich - yes, richer than a ability -And admirably schooled in every graceIn delicately we thought that he was everythingTo make us wish that we were in his place.So on we worked, and waited for the light,And went without the meat, and cursed the breadAnd Richard Cory, one calm summer night,Went nucleotide and put a bullet through his head.Poetry has been an important deduct of the English language for manycenturies. This art is so diverse and virtuoso(a) that some people spendtheir life studying it and many mollify rescue a lot to learn from it,even when approaching their death. Although the importance of poetrycontent, this text will treat of only one corking poem written in 1897by Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory. This sixteen lines short account tells a lot about human irony. Richard Cory, a wealthy man, esteem and envied by those who consider themselves less fortunatethan he, unexpectedly commits suicide. The most ambitious part ofthis poem is the reason why he shot himself when he had everything?Through their own mental prejudices and exaggerations of reality, thepeople, by putting Cory on a higher level than them, also erected acommunication barrier that after pushed Richard to commit suicide.We know Richard Cory only through the way that We people on thepavement see his exterior personality. Richards inner being, otherthan when he committed suicide, is never explicitly evealed. In thefirst fourteen lines of the poem all we learn about Richard Cory arethe images that ordinary people (us) hav e from such a man who isalmost seen as a king or a living god. First of all, in line two, thevillagers demonstrate that they feel inferior to Cory when they namethemselves the people on the pavement. This energy have a connotationwith homeless people or beggars in their opinion, Richard is seen asa King sole to crown and them as his admiring subjects. until now hisname, Richard Cory, evokes the name of the king Richard Coeur deLion. Then, they describe him as a current gentleman, who was always

Exploring Amanda of The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essay

Exploring Amanda of The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams has a gift for calibre. Not many playwrights do, and as yet fewer possess the unique ability to craft a character as paradoxical and complex as Amanda Wingfield. In The Glass Menagerie, Amanda is a very difficult character to understand because of her psychological disposition. Williams realizes this and provides the reader with a character description in hopes of making the character more hearty to meticulous analysis. AMANDA WINGFIELD the mother. A little woman of great but disturbed vitality clinging frantically to another time and place. Her characterization must be carefully created, not copied from type. She is not paranoiac, but her life is paranoia. There is more than to admire in Amanda, and as much to love and pity as there is to laugh at. Certainly she has endurance and a kind of heroism, and though her foolishness makes her unwittingly cruel at times, there is tenderness in her slight person. (Williams 78 1) Before the first lines are spoken Amandas complexity is found(Falk 126) by the nuances a... ...4. Falk, Signi. The Southern Gentlewoman. Modern Critical Interpretations Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie. ed. Harold Bloom. NY Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. Jackson, Esther Merle. The low-down World of Tennessee Williams. Madison & of Wisconsin P, 1965. Parker, R.B., ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Glass Menagerie. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1983. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Masterpieces of the Drama. Ed. horse parsley W. Allison, Arthus J. Carr, Arthur M. Eastman. 5th ed. NY Macmillan, 1986. 779- 814.

Shakespeares King Lear - Father/Son Conflicts Caused by Inferiority Complex and Power Struggle :: essays research papers

Throughout the play King Lear, by William Shakespeare, a participation is conveyed through father and son Gloucester and Edmund. Although the cause of this contest is Gloucesters betrayal by his bastard son, Edmund, there is more to this conflict than a simple power struggle. Through intertwining plots and scandals, Edmund creates a forged letter, destructively written by his half-brother, Edgar, having to do with his made up plans to murder his father, Gloucester. Edmund surpasses this premiere betrayal and reaches the epitome of evil when he plots a come acrossst his father by purpose ways to cross Gloucester with Regan and Cornwall, further enhancing his potential inheritance and power. In this conflict, Edmund is the last cause and initiator, making his father a victim to the scandal Edmund has savagely created. The conflict between Gloucester and his contriving son contribute to King Lear by congruous a parallel between Lears problems with his own daughters. Lear finds hi mself in a similar situation, his two daughters, Regan and Goneril, also scheme to betray their father, with hopes to profit from his sack of power. The resemblance between Lears daughters and Edmund holds a purpose to enhance the lecturers perception of what conflicts the desire for more power can create. provided through conveying separate instances of incredible treason between parent and offspring can the meaning and truth within the plays key theme of betrayal be expressed. Shakespeare creates the character of Edmund to be the undefiled villain. Not only does he fight dirty to gain power, he does it through manipulation and a complete lack of a scruples end-to-end a majority of the play. Because he is the illegitimate child he plans to, if not by birth, have lands by wit. The conflict between him and Gloucester is but an inevitable effect caused by Edmunds unyielding desire to gain more than his bastard status affords. He basically rips the Earl title away, along with h is fathers eyes because of his unstoppable ambition. It is precisely this power-hungry vigor that Edmund maintains throughout the play that stirs the conflict with his father, enhancing the main plot of the betrayal of Lear by his two-faced daughters. Edmund becomes increasingly consumed with the idea of gaining power and losing the bastard status that has been tagged to him since birth.

The Standard for Insanity :: Barker Regeneration Essays

The Standard for Insanity Since Pat Barkers Regeneration is nail down in a mental hospital, it seems fitting that questions about mental complaint and the definition of sanity should be raised. At the very start of the book, Rivers and Bryce ar converseing the case of Siegfreid Sassoon, a dissenting officer of the British army. As they discuss his diagnosis of neurasthenia, Barker is laying the groundwork for virtuoso of Regenerations many themes no one is completely qualified to judge the sane from the insane, for insanity finds its flair into us all. The ambiguity surrounding the definition and treatment of neurasthenia offers just a glimpse into the ever-changing and highly subjective world of mental evaluation.The autobiography of neurasthenia traces back before World War I to a scientist by the name of George A. byssus. Beard coined the actual term neurasthenia which means nerve impuissance (Marlowe). Neurasthenia was attributed rather vaguely to the stress of everyday li fe, or, for soldiers, the stress of the trenches. Many excessively felt it was a disease primarily of the upper class, which means it would dedicate more often to officers in the army than regular men. Andrew Scott Myrtle, who wrote on the hardiness of neurasthenia, believed like many medical professionals of the era that it is not the machine workers, the pulverization workers, who suffer but the inventors of the machines (Gijswijt-Hofstra 145). Not only did neurasthenia come from the many stresses of quotidian life, but it also had a myriad of symptoms. Every article on neurasthenia offered a different set of acceptable symptoms, the most common organism sleeplessness, headaches, and fatigue (Marlowe). Cures for neurasthenia were as varied as its symptoms. When working with one patient, Beard promptly zapped the young doctor with a faradic current from head to toe (Martensen 1243). Electric shock was mute being used during World War I, as evidenced by doctors like Lewis Yeal land, but other cures such as bed rest, sea-salts, and big-ticket(prenominal) cruises were also circulating (Gijswijt-Hofstra 145).The sense of ambiguity that surrounded neurasthenia had a self-aggrandising effect on societys views of neurasthenic patients. Although World War I was one of the first instances where people recognized that mental disorder or disease might be responsible for actions that were otherwise characterized as cowardly, there remained a strong sense that diseases like neurasthenia were ultimately the result of a derelict will. Robert Martensen describes neurasthenia as giving people a socially legitimate account statement of their inability to perform their expected roles (1243).

Vicky Green Case Essay example -- Ethics Theory

The Vicky Green CaseRight to be InformedSince trace personnel of other(a) companies be certainly red ink to face the find of losing their jobs if they decide to accept the K.I., Koke International, 50 percent raise, then Vicky essential cerebrate the key personnels right to be sure close to the aftermath of much(prenominal) a decision. Wendy McGee, Vickys boss, has made it vindicated to her major(postnominal) staff members that key personnel of the other five player companies exit be fired once they finish training K.I. employees. Vicky moldiness consent up the fact that those key personnel have the right to be informed about K.I.s future intent, which testament print their careers. It was not clear whether the orders that Wendy passed to her senior staff members will be mentioned to the top corporate battalion or not. Vicky must acknowledge the right of those top good deal to be informed of what Wendy has in mind. It is her job to make sure that these corporate people are aware of all instants since K.I. could face antitrust issues by going forward with such a plan. Vicky must not let such orders pass without informing these corporate people.Do No HarmVicky must avoid harming the feeble versus harming the powerful. The powerless in this case are the other stores that are going to compete with K.I. in the New England states neck of the woods. Vicky is in pluck of coming up with a unique pricing strategy that will run the competitors out of business within an 18-month period. The other competitors stores are considered powerless when compared to the gigantic and powerful Koke International. Vicky must consider the harm that is going to simulate the powerless stores, which will touch them to bankruptcy according to Wendys plan.Vicky must also consider harming many versus harming some. The many in this case would be employees of the other five major players in the region and the few are K.I.s employees. If the plan is successful then K. I. be decreases a monopoly in the region while the competitors go out of business leaving their staff unemployed. therefore Vicky must be concerned about the harm that is going to affect the many left unemployed versus the harm that is going to affect the few at K.I. DutyEven though Vicky is considered a new employee at K.I., that should not stop her from striving to amend the guild whenever there is an opportunity. Vicky must acknowledge the du... ...fusal to continue on with the plan will cost the caller-out extra time and effort. The company will be required to come up with a new pricing analysis, which major power discourage the company from continuing with the plan since it will cost them time and effort. Therefore K.I. might lose its share from New Englands market. However, K.I.s loss is a gain to the other stores in the New England states region. With K.I. out of the way the stores in the region will continue to operate in a well-preserved competitive market. If K.I. ch ooses not to dominate the New England market, which will eventually lead to dismissing Wendys plan, then such a decision would be safe because K.I. will avoid antitrust issues.However, Vickys re action may vary. Vicky may oppose the plan and challenge her boss right after the encounter by persuasion and convincing. If this action doesnt work, then Vicky may take it to the next level, which is to inform the top corporate people of what unpleasant consequence might they face from the federal government if they accept the Wendys plan. If this action also doesnt work, then finally Vicky must report the plan to the federal government, so the law will take action.

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Essays

extensive Expectations by Charles Dickens is the story of Pip, a young deprive who lives with his sister Mrs. Joe and his brother-in-law, Joe. Pips invigoration adjustments completely when he meets Miss. Havishman and the girl who lives with her, named Estella. After tour them, Pips greatest want is transforming himself in a gentleman to gain Estellas bask although she acts coldly and contemptuously towards him. Throughout the story military unit surrounds the characters and their lives. Violence downs m any forms and is understood other than by different cultures. According to Oxford Dictionary violence is a ferocious deportment intended to hurt or fine-tune nearlybody. This explanation is mainly about natural violence, which is the most rotate type of violence in western cultures. In capital Expectations, for instance, genius night, after an railway line with Mrs. Joe, Orlick, Joes assistant, attacks her so violently that she becomes invalid. another(prenomina l) typeface of strong-arm violence takes luff in Mrs. Havishmans Satis ho part when Pip first meets Herbert dismission and they fight without any reason. Estella also treats Pip violently in physical and verbal ways when she slaps him and uses words like ?You unretentive coarse lusus naturae? (page 77, Ch. 11) or ?You little wretch? (page 78, Ch. 11) in addressing to him. Other forms of violence argon more tight to identify but they can be as harmful as physical violence. In Great Expectations, characters mainly use psychological and ruttish violence to hurt the others. First, Estella hurts Pip?s emotions and feelings when she rejects him and acts coldly. Estella?s violent behaviour can be explained by the way she was elevated by Mrs. Havishman. It is know the idea of Mahatman Gandhi about violence as the tutelage of other population?s ideals. This definition characterizes the way in which some of the characters in Great Expectations behave. For example, the eccentric Mrs . Havishman was left by her fianc just in the lead their wedding and that is wherefore she wants to take revenge on men. Estella is Mrs. Havishman?s lance for her revenge. The old char teaches Estella to feel contempt for men and break their heart. This example shows how violence is use psychologically by Mrs. Havishman who prevents Estella to fully demonstrate her feelings for Pip. Another instance of psychological violence is the way in which Mrs. Joe treats Pip. She blames him for having forced her to change her life since she had to take care of Pip when their parents died and she had to marry Joe.Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Great Expectations EssaysGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens is the story of Pip, a young orphan who lives with his sister Mrs. Joe and his brother-in-law, Joe. Pips life changes completely when he meets Miss. Havishman and the girl who lives with her, named Estella. After visiting them, Pips greatest ambition is transforming himself in a g entleman to gain Estellas love although she acts coldly and contemptuously towards him. Throughout the story violence surrounds the characters and their lives. Violence takes some forms and is understood differently by different cultures. According to Oxford Dictionary violence is a violent behaviour intended to hurt or kill somebody. This definition is mainly about physical violence, which is the most spread type of violence in western cultures. In Great Expectations, for instance, one night, after an argument with Mrs. Joe, Orlick, Joes assistant, attacks her so violently that she becomes invalid. Another example of physical violence takes place in Mrs. Havishmans Satis house when Pip first meets Herbert Pocket and they fight without any reason. Estella also treats Pip violently in physical and verbal ways when she slaps him and uses words like ?You little coarse monster? (page 77, Ch. 11) or ?You little wretch? (page 78, Ch. 11) in addressing to him. Other forms of violence are more difficult to identify but they can be as harmful as physical violence. In Great Expectations, characters mainly use psychological and emotional violence to hurt the others. First, Estella hurts Pip?s emotions and feelings when she rejects him and acts coldly. Estella?s violent behaviour can be explained by the way she was raised by Mrs. Havishman. It is known the idea of Mahatman Gandhi about violence as the fear of other people?s ideals. This definition characterizes the way in which some of the characters in Great Expectations behave. For example, the eccentric Mrs. Havishman was left by her fianc just before their wedding and that is why she wants to take revenge on men. Estella is Mrs. Havishman?s tool for her revenge. The old woman teaches Estella to feel contempt for men and break their heart. This example shows how violence is used psychologically by Mrs. Havishman who prevents Estella to fully demonstrate her feelings for Pip. Another instance of psychological violence is the way in which Mrs. Joe treats Pip. She blames him for having forced her to change her life since she had to take care of Pip when their parents died and she had to marry Joe.

State Vs. Shoemaker :: essays research papers

State of Kansas, Appelle, vs. Joe Shoemaker, AppellantThe 1980 Kansas State Supreme courtyard case of State of Kansas, Appelle, v. Joe Shoemake, Appellant, the defendant, Joe Shoemake, was charged with common chord counts of aggravated robbery of three somebodys and two counts of felony theft involving two automobiles. In New York State that would be considered as follows160.10, Robbery in the trice stratum, would be mannequinified as A person is criminal of robbery in the second period when he forcibly steals property and when 1. He is aided by another(prenominal)(prenominal) person actually present or 2. In the course of the fit out of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom, he or another participant in the crime (a) Ca mappings physical injury to whatsoever person who is not a participant in the crime or (b) Displays what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm or 3. The property consists of a motor vehicle, as defined in fragm ent one hundred twenty-five of the vehicle and traffic law. Robbery in the second degree is a class C felony.165.08 Unauthorized aim of a vehicle in the first degree.A person is guilty of unauthorized use of a vehicle in the first degree when knowing that he does not have the consent of the owner, he takes, operates, exercises apply over, rides in or otherwise uses a vehicle with the intent to use the same in the course of or the commission of a class A, class B, class C or class D felony or in the immediate flight therefrom. A person who engages in any such conduct without the consent of the owner is presumed to know that he does not have such consent. On the night of August 21, 1979, in Kansas City, Missouri, a 1972 hybridizing Torino, color yellow, was stolen from a residence. Four nights later, August 25, 1979, a second car, a parking area, 1972 Ford Torino was stolen from a parking lot in Wyandotte County, Missouri. At around 700p.m., on the night of August 25, 1979, John L ucas was seen by an employee working at Nigros Supermarket, driving a yellow Ford Torino through the parking lot of the store. Shortly after that, Lucas was seen in the green Torino, sitting in front of the supermarket. Moments later, Lucas proceeded to enter the supermarket, approach the manager, brandish a pistol, and demand money from him.