Fatigue and Limbic Dysfunction in Parkinsons Disease Essay

Fatigue and Limbic Dysfunction in Parkinsons Disease - Essay ExampleIn essence, I did the best I could with what I was provided.Parkinsons malady (PD), first described by James Parkinson in 1817 (Figure 1), is one of the most prevalent disabling illnesses that provoke occur later in life. It is estimated to affect 1% of 70-year-olds, but is also seen in younger people, with 10% of cases occurring before the age of 50.The disease has become the pathfinder for other neurodegenerative disorders, since discovery of dopamine deficiency indoors the basal ganglia led to the development of the first effective treatment for a progressive neurodegenerative condition. Dopamine replacement therapy substantially reduces the symptoms of Parkinsons disease in most patients, improving their quality of life and initially show to subside mortality.Patients with PD who experience such central fatigue have pathology causing reductions in dopamine and serotonin turnover within the basal ganglia an d limbic circuits. These are the structures, which facilitate the link between perception/motivation (limbic system) and motor response.Estimates of the annual relative incidence of Parkinsons disease are in the range of 4-20 per 100,000 individuals. ... Demonstrating an experience between fatigue and limbic dysfunction in PD will help rationalise treatment approaches for this disabling illness and its symptoms.Incidence and PrevalenceEstimates of the annual incidence of Parkinsons disease are in the range of 4-20 per 100,000 individuals. A widely accepted figure for the prevalence of Parkinsons disease is approximately two hundred per 100,000 populations. In the Unite States, it is estimated that between 750,000 and 1.5 million people have the disease. In the United Kingdom, there are approximately 120,000-130,000 diagnosed cases, but there may be many much that remain undiagnosed.Age, Sex, and EthnicityBoth the incidence and prevalence of Parkinsons disease increase with age , and the prevalence may be as high as 1 in 50 for patients over the age of 80 years. Men are 1.5 times more likely than women to develop the condition are. Hospital-based studies have suggested that Parkinsons disease is less common in the pitch-black population, than in other groups.PathologyThe main pathological feature of Parkinsons disease is the degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigger (Figure 1.1). Examination with the naked eye reveals pallor of this area, which is confirmed microscopically by a marked decrease in the number of neuromelanin-containing cells and the presence of Lewy bodies in the remaining nigral neurons. Degeneration of pigmented neurons in the brainstem is not check to the nigra but extends to the locus ceruleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Lewy bodies are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, which are typically found in the neurons of the substantia nigra (Figure 1.2). They are a pat hological hallmark of